《三十六計》第五套 並戰計 36 Strategies / Stratagems
佚名
總說
【原文】六六三十六，數中有術，術中有數。陰陽燮理，機在其空，機不可設，設則不中。
【按語】解語重數不重理，蓋理，術語自明；而數，則在言外，若徒知術之為術，而不知術中有數，則術多不應，且詭謀權術，原在事理之中，人情之內。徜事出不經，則詭異立見，詫世惑俗，而機謀洩矣。或曰：三十六計中，每六計成一套，第一套為勝戰計，第二套為敵戰計，第三套為攻戰計，第四套為混戰計，第五套為並戰計，第六套為敗戰計。
第五套 並戰計
【原文】第廿五計‧偷樑換柱頻更其陣，抽其勁旅，待其自敗，而後乘之，曳其輪也。
【按語】陣有縱橫，天衡為樑，地軸為柱。樑柱以精兵為之，故觀其陣，則知精兵之所在。共戰他敵時，頻更其陣，暗中抽換其精兵，或竟代其為樑柱；勢成陣塌，遂兼其兵。並此敵以擊他敵之首策也。
【中英對照】
第二十五計： 偷梁換柱
Strategy 25: Replace the Beams with Pillars
偷天換日
Replace the Heaven With the Sun
明世宗是一位非常迷信的皇帝，其中有位叫藍道行的算命仙，是最受他寵愛的道士，這是因為他曾經通過世宗的一項考驗。
Ming Shih Zong was a very superstitious emperor. He had a favorite fortune teller by the name of Lan Dao Sing, who once passed a test set by the emperor and thus won his trust.
有一次，世宗為了測試藍道行的功力，就派一位太監送密函給藍道行，送到時就將信燒掉，並叫太監對他說：「密件中寫著皇上要問你的問題，你法術高強，請把答案告訴我，好讓我回去稟告皇上。」藍道行一聽急了，心想：「沒看，怎麼會知道信裡寫什麼？這一次要被砍頭了。」突然靈機一動，
Once, in order to test Lan Dao Sing, the emperor sent a eunuch to deliver a confidential letter to him. Upon arrival, the eunuch burned the letter before it was opened and told Lan Dao Sing, “The letter contained the questions that the emperor wanted to ask you. You are the expert in magic. Please tell me the answers to the questions so that I can report back to the emperor.’’ Hearing this, Lan Dao Sing started to panic. He thought, “How could I know what was written in the letter without reading it first? The emperor is going to have my head for this.” But suddenly he came up with an idea to save the day.
藍道行就跟著太監去見世宗。藍道行對世宗說：「屬下懂得招神的法術，不過您今天派來的太監不夠虔誠，神明不肯現身回答問題，小的自然答不出來，大膽請皇上再派一位虔誠的太監送信來。」由於世宗太迷信，就派另一個太監送信，藍道行早有準備，在燒信前，趁太監不注意時，將真信與預藏的假信對調，燒掉的是假信，信裡的內容就被藍道行知道了。世宗不知情，聽到太監帶回來的正確解答，從此對藍道行的法術更加的相信。
So he followed the eunuch to see the emperor. Lan Dao Sing said to Ming Shih Zong, “I know how to call upon the supernatural powers. But the eunuch whom Your Majesty sent today was not devoted enough, so the gods refused to show me the answers. May I request Your Majesty to send your letter again using another eunuch who is more devoted as a messenger?’’ Because the emperor was so superstitious, he agreed to send another one. This time, Lan Dao Sing was well prepared. Before the letter was burned, Lan Dao Sing had switched the real letter with a fake one when the eunuch was distracted. Thus, Lan Dao Sing learned the content of the letter through guile and gave the emperor the correct answers. Ming Shih Zong was not aware of his trick. And so he came to have even more faith in Lan Dao Sing’s magic.
偷梁換柱就是在神不知鬼不覺當中，將東西換過來，欺騙對方，來取得勝利，也就是調包的意思。
While your opponent is unaware, steal the real thing by swapping it with a fake one, thereby achieving your goal through deceit.
【原文】第廿六計‧指桑罵槐大凌小者，警以誘之。剛中而應，行險而順。
【按語】率數未服者以對敵，若策之不行，而利誘之，又反啟其疑；於是故為自誤，責他人之失，以暗警之。警之者，反誘之也：此蓋以剛險驅之也。或曰：此遣將之法也。
【中英對照】
第二十六計： 指桑罵槐
Strategy 26: Point at the Mulberry Tree to Curse the Locust Tree
太監阿丑演戲
The Eunuch A-Chou Stages a Show
明憲宗昏庸無道，太監汪直最受寵，汪直和他的兩名手下王越及陳鉞，無惡不作到處欺侮官員和百姓，官員怕得罪汪公公，也不敢對憲宗說出真相。
Ming Sian Zong was an incompetent emperor. The eunuch Wang Jhih was his favorite. Together with two of his men, Wang Yue and Chen Rong, they were a gang that did nothing but evil all over the country. The officials were too afraid to offend Wang Jhih, so no one dared reveal the truth to the emperor.
當時，有一位擅長演戲的太監，叫做阿丑，因為多才多藝又幽默，很得憲宗喜愛。有一次，憲宗叫阿丑一班人演戲，阿丑演了一齣「醉酒」的戲碼。阿丑一出場便東倒西歪，演一位喝醉酒的人，胡言亂語，四處罵人，用詞詼諧，看戲的人都笑個不停。接著，路人上場，大叫：「大官出巡，閒雜人肅靜迴避！」沒想到，醉漢阿丑東比西指說：「什麼大官小官，黑狗白狗，你走你的陽關道，我走我的獨木橋，大爺我先在這裡喝酒，你才應該繞道走才是！」路人急了，改口說：「皇上駕到…」阿丑笑：「皇上還在睡夢中，迷迷糊糊，比我還醉呢？」路人心想：「連皇上都不怕，我還有一樣法寶，不信你不怕！」接著大叫：「汪公公駕到。」就看到阿丑一副被嚇得屁滾尿流般，馬上趴在地上直發抖說：「小的該死！小的該死！」
At that time, there was an eunuch by the name of A-Chou who was multi-talented and witty. The emperor liked him very much. Once Ming Sian Zong ordered A-Chou and his troupe to perform for him, A-Chou staged a show called “Drunk”. When the show began, A-Chou appeared on the stage staggering as a drunkard. He was talking nonsense and the lines were so witty that the audience could not stop laughing. Then the role of the passers-by came onto the stage. The passers-by announced, “The minister is coming on official business. Clear the way and be quiet!’’ To his surprise, the drunken A-Chou pointed at the passers-by and scolded, “Who cares if you are a minister or a small official? Who cares if you are a black dog or a white dog? You go your way, and I go my way. In fact, I was here first! So it is you who should walk around me.’’ The passers-by then announced, “The emperor is here!” But A-Chou burst out laughing, “The emperor is still dreaming! His mind is so clouded that he is even drunk than I am…” The passers-by thought, “Hmm… Not even the emperor could scare him. Well, I have one last way to scare some senses into him.’’ So he made one last announcement, “Wang
Jhih is arriving!’’ A-Chou immediately knelt on all fours, trembling and pleading, “Pardon me! Pardon me!”
憲宗看到這裡，雖然很不高興，可是心裡完全明白了。
Watching this, Ming Sian Zong got the message even though he was quite displeased by the performance.
指桑罵槐不從正面直接施加壓力或警告、責罵對方，而是用拐彎抹角的影射方式，產生嚇阻、威脅作用，來達到目的。
Avoid directly confront, warn or discipline another. Instead use analogies and innuendos without naming names, thereby achieving the goal of dissuading or threatening another.
【原文】第廿七計‧假痴不顛寧偽作不知不為，不偽作假知妄為。靜不露機，雲雪屯也。
【按語】假作不知而實知，假作不為而實不可為，或將有所為。司馬懿之假病昏以誅曹爽，受巾幗假請命以老蜀兵，所以成功；姜維九伐中原，明知不可為而妄為之，則似癡矣，所以破滅。兵書曰：「故善戰者之勝也，無智名，無勇功。」當其機未發時，靜屯似癡；若假癲，則不但露機，則亂動而群疑。故假痴者勝，假癲者敗。或日：假痴可以對敵，並可以用兵。宋代，南俗尚鬼。狄青征儂智高時，大兵始出桂林之南，因佯祝曰：「勝負無以為據。」乃取百錢自持，與神約，果大捷，則投此錢盡錢面也。左右諫止，儻不如意，恐沮軍，青不聽。萬眾方聳視，已而揮手一擲，百錢旨面。於是舉兵歡呼，聲震林野，青亦大喜；顧左右，取百丁（釘）來，即隨錢疏密，布地而帖丁（釘）之，加以青紗籠，手自封焉。曰：「俟凱旋，當酬神取錢。」其後平邕州還師，如言取錢，幕府士大夫共祝視，乃兩面錢也。
【中英對照】
第二十七計： 假痴不癲
Strategy 27: Feign Madness, But Keep Your Balance
司馬懿裝病奪權
Sih Ma Yi Feigns Illness to Seize Power
三國時，魏明帝死前任命曹爽為輔佐大臣，幫年僅八歲的太子管理朝政，曹爽為了獨攬大權，就建議廢帝以及立司馬懿為大傅，希望藉由升官，將司馬懿的大權搶過來，司馬懿知道實力不如曹爽，便裝病請假回家休養。
During the Three States Period, before Emperor Wei Ming died, he appointed Cao Shuan as the regent to assist his eight-year old crown prince in governing the country. But Cao Shuan had more ambitious plans. After Wei Ming died, Cao Shuan tried to seize power for himself, by suggesting that the child emperor be dethroned and that Sih Ma Yi be appointed prime minister. Cao Shuan hoped that by promoting Sih Ma Yi from a general to a prime minister, Sih Ma Yi would have to cede military command of the army. This way, Cao Shuan could then appoint his own man as general and seize control of the military. Sih Ma Yi knew that he was too weak to confront Cao Shuan at the moment, so he pretended to be ill and took a sick leave in order to thwart Cao Shuan’s scheme.
曹爽不放心便派李勝到司馬懿家中看看是不是真的生病。李勝看到婢女扶著兩眼無神、走路不穩的司馬懿到大廳見客，李勝對司馬懿說：「我要到荊州當刺史，今天是來向您辭行的。」司馬懿有氣無力的說：「并州離胡人很近，你要小心安全喔！」李勝回答：「是去荊州，不是并州。」司馬懿又說：「什麼！原來你已經去過并州了！」李勝心想他真的病得不輕，這時，又看到婢女端著藥出來，司馬懿喝藥流得嘴角和衣服都濕了，完全看不出以往威風八面的英姿。
When Cao Shuan heard the news that Sih Ma Yi was sick, he was not convinced that Sih Ma Yi was really sick. So he sent Li Sheng to visit Sih Ma Yi in order to verify the story. When Li Sheng visited Sih Ma Yi, he saw that Sih Ma Yi was a haggard man who needed a maid to steady him as he walked out to receive Li Sheng in the living room. Li Sheng told Sih Ma Yi, “I was appointed an official in Jing province. I am on my way there to serve my term. Today I came to pay my respects by saying farewell to you.” Sih Ma Yi said with a faint voice, “Bing province is very close to the border with barbarians. You must be very careful.” To this Li Sheng replied, “I said Jing province, not Bing province.” Sih Ma Yi then said, “Oh, so you have been to Bing province too…” Li Sheng thought that Sih Ma Yi was seriously ill. At this time the maid took the medicine tray into the living room to feed Sih Ma Yi his medicine. Sih Ma Yi slobbered medicine all over his mouth and his clothes while taking the medicine. There was none his past glory and grace.
李勝回去報告曹爽自己看到的景象，並說：「我看他大概活不了多久了，不用擔心。」曹爽大笑三聲，從此再也不管司馬懿。
Upon returning, Li Sheng reported to Cao Shuan what he saw during the visit. He said, “I think Sih Ma Yi is finished. I believe his days are numbered. There is no need to worry.” Cao Shuan laughed out loud and paid no attention to Sih Ma Yi from that day on.
第二年春天，司馬懿趁著曹爽等人去京城祭祖時，便發動政變，揭發曹爽兄弟的惡行，更以陰謀叛變的罪名，將曹爽兄弟等人全部處死，魏國政權又再度回到司馬懿的手
中。
The next spring, while Cao Shuan left the capital for ancestor worship, Sih Ma Yi launched a coup d’etat and disclosed the crimes by Cao Shuan and his gangs. He also accused them of treason and executed all of them. This was how Sih Ma Yi won back the political power of Wei.
假痴不癲指外表上好像裝瘋賣傻，什麼事也不做，其實一方面是怕對方起疑心，一方面在暗中等待有利時機，再一鼓作氣出擊。
Avoid directly confront, warn or discipline another. Instead use analogies and innuendos without naming names, thereby achieving the goal of dissuading or threatening another.
【原文】第廿八計‧上樓抽梯假之以便，唆之使前，斷其援應，陷之死地。遇毒，位不當也。
【按語】唆者，利使之也。利使之而不先為之便，或猶且不行。故抽梯之局，須先置梯，或示之梯。如：慕容垂、姚萇諸人慫秦苻堅侵晉，以乘機自起。
【中英對照】
第二十八計： 上屋抽梯
Strategy 28: Remove the Ladder When the Enemy Has Ascended to the Roof
楊津捉強盜
Yang Jin Caught the Bandits
南、北朝時岐州刺史楊津，有一次，碰到一件強盜案子，一位路過岐州的商人，所有貴重的財物都被洗劫一空，趕緊到官府報案。楊津根據商人的描述，知道強盜的口音不是本地人，所以就進一步問清楚強盜做案時所穿的衣服樣式、顏色和外表特徵等等細節。接著把屬下全部叫來，要他們到街上散布消息，讓大家知道有個人在城門外被人殺死，因為查不出來他的身分，只好公布衣著及特徵，希望他的親戚或家人可以出面指認。
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a local judge in Ci province by the name of Yang Jin. Once a businessman who traveled through Ci province was robbed of all his belongs. He immediately reported the robbery to the judge. According to the businessman, the robber did not have a local accent. Yang Jin asked about the details of the robber’s dress and his looks. Then he assembled his subordinates and ordered them to broadcast the news that someone was murdered outside the city gate, and they were trying to identify the deceased. By releasing the description of the dress would come forward to identify the corpse.
消息傳得很快，過了三、四個鐘頭後，果然，有一位哭哭啼啼的老婦人到官府來認屍，楊津又問了她一些更詳細的問題，確認犯人應該是她的兒子沒錯。於是就派人到老婦人家的四周埋伏，黃昏時，婦人的兒子一進門便被官兵抓住，並當場在他的身上搜到商人被搶走的財物，人贓俱獲，想賴都賴不掉，犯人只好乖乖認罪。
The news spread quickly. Three or four hours later, a wailing old woman came to the Court to identify the corpse. After asking her a few detailed questions, Yang Jin was certain that the suspect was her son. So he sent his men lurking outside her house. In the evening, as soon as the suspect entered the front door, he was captured by the police. They searched him and found all the missing belongs of the businessman. The loot that was on him made him unable to deny his crime, so he confessed on the spot.
上屋抽梯指故意露出馬腳，使對方以為有機會成功，等到敵人走進事先布局的陷阱裡，再一鼓作氣阻斷敵人的退路，進退兩難，只有乖乖就範。
Deceive the enemy into believing that he has a chance to win by deliberately revealing our weakness. Once the enemy was lured into the setup, block his escape route making him sit on the horn of a dilemma. The enemy therefore has no choice but to surrender.
【原文】第廿九計‧虛張聲勢借局布勢，力小勢大。鴻漸於陸，其羽可用為儀也。
【按語】此樹本無花，而樹則可以有花，剪綵貼之，不細察者不易覺，使花與樹交相輝映，而成玲瓏全局也。此蓋布精兵於友軍之陣，完其勢以威敵也。
【中英對照】
第二十九計： 樹上開花
Strategy 29: Deck the Tree With Fake Blossoms
翠花用鞋嚇賊
Cuei Hua Scares Away the Thief With Shoes
張家灣有個獵人叫張誠，有一天傍晚，張誠的妻子翠花看到有個人在門外探頭探腦，就跑去關門，沒想到被他衝進家裡，並在客廳的椅子上坐下，接著對她說：「大嫂，天快黑了，讓我住一晚，明天一早我就走。」翠花心想：「丈夫不會馬上回來，我也打不過他，怎麼辦？」這時，她從布簾縫隙瞄到床底下丈夫的一堆鞋子，靈機一動。
There once was a hunter who lived near the bay. One evening, his wife Cuei Hua saw a suspicious man outside their home. She rushed to shut the door but the thief was quicker than she was. He got in already and sat himself on a chair in the living room. The thief said to her, “Lady, it is getting dark soon. Let me stay for the night, and I shall leave early tomorrow.” Cuei Hua thought, “My husband won’t be home anytime soon, and I am not capable of fighting off this man. What should I do?’’ Through the curtains, she caught a glimpse of a couple of her husband’s shoes underneath the bed. So she had an idea. Cuei Hua poured tea for the thief and said, “Friends are important to a traveler. Have a cup of tea first, and I’ll bring you some water to wash your feet with.” Then Cuei Hua went inside and brought out six pairs of shoes with her into the living room, followed by a large basin full of water.
翠花邊倒茶邊說：「出外靠朋友！先喝口茶，我去準備洗腳水。」接著翠花就到床下拿出六雙鞋子放在客廳，再搬來一大盆水，山賊就說：「大嫂，一雙鞋子就夠了，再說我也用不著這麼多水！」翠花回答：「一雙是給你換的，其他是我老公和親戚待會兒回來要換的。」山賊東張西望地說：「我怎麼沒看到他們？」翠花說：「他們在屋後山腳下幹活，應該快回來了，你先坐一下，我到廚房做飯，等他們回來就可以吃飯。」山賊知道事情不妙，就趁翠花在廚房忙時，趕緊溜走。
The thief said, “One pair of shoes should be enough for me. Besides, I don’t need so much water to wash my feet.” Cuei Hua replied, “One is for you, and the others are for my husband and his relatives who should be back soon.” The thief looked around and said, “I don’t see them around here…” Cuei Hua replied, “That’s because they are working near the foot of the mountain behind this house. But they’ll be back soon. Make yourself at home. In the meantime, I’ll make dinner in the kitchen so we can all have dinner when they return.” The thief realized that things would not be as easy as he had imagined. So he slipped away while Cuei Hua was busy cooking in the kitchen.
樹上開花本指樹上花朵靠著樹枝交錯伸展的姿態，能更突顯整體的陣容浩大，並使人感到眼花撩亂。此指當自己的力量不夠時，可藉由外來或假象的力量，來壯大自己的聲勢，達到嚇阻或擊退敵人的最終目的。
Originally, it refers to the visual effect that all the dotted blossoms on a tree create - the illusion of a tree that is larger than it really is. Here it means to take advantage of terrain, weather, or other external conditions to create the visual illusion of a bigger force than you actually have. By deceiving the enemy into thinking that you are stronger than you really are, you can achieve the goal of scaring him away.
【原文】第卅計‧反客為主乘隙插足，扼其主機，漸之進也。
【按語】為人驅使者為奴，為人尊處者為客，不能立足者為暫客，能立足者為久客，客久而不能主事者為賤客，能主事則可漸握機要，而為主矣。故反客為主之局：第一步須爭客位；第二步須乘隙；第三步須插足；第四足須握機；第五步乃成功。為主，則並人之軍矣；此漸進之陰謀也。如李淵書尊李密，密卒以敗；漢高視勢未敵項羽之先，卑事項羽，使其見信，而漸以侵其勢，至垓下一役，一舉亡之。
【中英對照】
第三十計： 反客為主
Strategy 30: Exchange the Role of the Guest for the Host
黑吃黑
Stealing From the Robbers
有一個小偷跟著兩個強盜去某戶人家偷東西，強盜們在屋頂先用繩子將小偷放下去，要小偷負責偷值錢的財物，並把財物綁在繩子上讓強盜拉上去，就這樣拉了三次，算一算已經偷了不少的東西。
A thief worked with two robbers to steal from a house at night. From the rooftop, the robbers lowered the thief down into the house with a rope. The thief was to collect all the valuables and tied the loots to a rope so that the robbers could haul them up. They did this three times, and the robbers calculated that they had collected enough valuables.
最後一次，小偷就把珠寶和自己一起裝進一個木箱裡，強盜們在拉的時候，覺得這一次最重，一定是大豐收，這時兩人起了壞念頭，決定拉上木箱後就離開，不把小偷拉上來。誰知道，小偷已經在木箱裡，強盜們一看到木箱好大，高興得不得了，抬著木箱就走。
On the last haul, the thief hid himself inside a wooden box, along with some jewelry. The robbers found the box to be very heavy when they hauled it up. They thought that it must be something very valuable this time. So they got greedy and decided to take off with the box, leaving the thief behind. What they did not know was that the thief was already hidden inside the box.
走了一段路，由於木箱子實在太重了，兩個人便在路旁休息，小偷算算時間應該天亮了，剛好又聽到一群路人講話的聲音，心想：「這兩個強盜實在太可惡了，竟然丟下我不管。」於是，拉開嗓門大叫：「救命啊！強盜擄人劫財呀！」強盜們沒想到從木箱裡傳出救命聲，嚇得拔腿就跑，路人們把木箱打開，小偷編出一套被綁架的故事後，大搖大擺的把偷來的珠寶全部帶走了。
After walking a distance, they took a break on the roadside because the box was too heavy. The thief thought that it should be morning by now. Once he heard the voices of a group of passers-by. He thought to himself, “These two guys are really despicable. They abandoned me just like that!’’ So he shouted out loud, “Help! Help! Robbers!” The robbers did not expect to hear any sound coming out of the box. They were scared so they ran away. The passers-by opened the box. The thief came out and made up a story about how he was robbed and kidnapped by the two robbers. In the end, he walked away with all the loot.
反客為主本指主人與客人的角色地位互換，因為主人是主動，客人為被動，也就是化被動為主動的意思。
During a visit, the host usually initiates while the guest responds. So exchanging the role of the guest for the role of the host means to take the initiative of making something happen instead of waiting passively.
佚名
總說
【原文】六六三十六，數中有術，術中有數。陰陽燮理，機在其空，機不可設，設則不中。
【按語】解語重數不重理，蓋理，術語自明；而數，則在言外，若徒知術之為術，而不知術中有數，則術多不應，且詭謀權術，原在事理之中，人情之內。徜事出不經，則詭異立見，詫世惑俗，而機謀洩矣。或曰：三十六計中，每六計成一套，第一套為勝戰計，第二套為敵戰計，第三套為攻戰計，第四套為混戰計，第五套為並戰計，第六套為敗戰計。
第五套 並戰計
【原文】第廿五計‧偷樑換柱頻更其陣，抽其勁旅，待其自敗，而後乘之，曳其輪也。
【按語】陣有縱橫，天衡為樑，地軸為柱。樑柱以精兵為之，故觀其陣，則知精兵之所在。共戰他敵時，頻更其陣，暗中抽換其精兵，或竟代其為樑柱；勢成陣塌，遂兼其兵。並此敵以擊他敵之首策也。
【中英對照】
第二十五計： 偷梁換柱
Strategy 25: Replace the Beams with Pillars
偷天換日
Replace the Heaven With the Sun
明世宗是一位非常迷信的皇帝，其中有位叫藍道行的算命仙，是最受他寵愛的道士，這是因為他曾經通過世宗的一項考驗。
Ming Shih Zong was a very superstitious emperor. He had a favorite fortune teller by the name of Lan Dao Sing, who once passed a test set by the emperor and thus won his trust.
有一次，世宗為了測試藍道行的功力，就派一位太監送密函給藍道行，送到時就將信燒掉，並叫太監對他說：「密件中寫著皇上要問你的問題，你法術高強，請把答案告訴我，好讓我回去稟告皇上。」藍道行一聽急了，心想：「沒看，怎麼會知道信裡寫什麼？這一次要被砍頭了。」突然靈機一動，
Once, in order to test Lan Dao Sing, the emperor sent a eunuch to deliver a confidential letter to him. Upon arrival, the eunuch burned the letter before it was opened and told Lan Dao Sing, “The letter contained the questions that the emperor wanted to ask you. You are the expert in magic. Please tell me the answers to the questions so that I can report back to the emperor.’’ Hearing this, Lan Dao Sing started to panic. He thought, “How could I know what was written in the letter without reading it first? The emperor is going to have my head for this.” But suddenly he came up with an idea to save the day.
藍道行就跟著太監去見世宗。藍道行對世宗說：「屬下懂得招神的法術，不過您今天派來的太監不夠虔誠，神明不肯現身回答問題，小的自然答不出來，大膽請皇上再派一位虔誠的太監送信來。」由於世宗太迷信，就派另一個太監送信，藍道行早有準備，在燒信前，趁太監不注意時，將真信與預藏的假信對調，燒掉的是假信，信裡的內容就被藍道行知道了。世宗不知情，聽到太監帶回來的正確解答，從此對藍道行的法術更加的相信。
So he followed the eunuch to see the emperor. Lan Dao Sing said to Ming Shih Zong, “I know how to call upon the supernatural powers. But the eunuch whom Your Majesty sent today was not devoted enough, so the gods refused to show me the answers. May I request Your Majesty to send your letter again using another eunuch who is more devoted as a messenger?’’ Because the emperor was so superstitious, he agreed to send another one. This time, Lan Dao Sing was well prepared. Before the letter was burned, Lan Dao Sing had switched the real letter with a fake one when the eunuch was distracted. Thus, Lan Dao Sing learned the content of the letter through guile and gave the emperor the correct answers. Ming Shih Zong was not aware of his trick. And so he came to have even more faith in Lan Dao Sing’s magic.
偷梁換柱就是在神不知鬼不覺當中，將東西換過來，欺騙對方，來取得勝利，也就是調包的意思。
While your opponent is unaware, steal the real thing by swapping it with a fake one, thereby achieving your goal through deceit.
【原文】第廿六計‧指桑罵槐大凌小者，警以誘之。剛中而應，行險而順。
【按語】率數未服者以對敵，若策之不行，而利誘之，又反啟其疑；於是故為自誤，責他人之失，以暗警之。警之者，反誘之也：此蓋以剛險驅之也。或曰：此遣將之法也。
【中英對照】
第二十六計： 指桑罵槐
Strategy 26: Point at the Mulberry Tree to Curse the Locust Tree
太監阿丑演戲
The Eunuch A-Chou Stages a Show
明憲宗昏庸無道，太監汪直最受寵，汪直和他的兩名手下王越及陳鉞，無惡不作到處欺侮官員和百姓，官員怕得罪汪公公，也不敢對憲宗說出真相。
Ming Sian Zong was an incompetent emperor. The eunuch Wang Jhih was his favorite. Together with two of his men, Wang Yue and Chen Rong, they were a gang that did nothing but evil all over the country. The officials were too afraid to offend Wang Jhih, so no one dared reveal the truth to the emperor.
當時，有一位擅長演戲的太監，叫做阿丑，因為多才多藝又幽默，很得憲宗喜愛。有一次，憲宗叫阿丑一班人演戲，阿丑演了一齣「醉酒」的戲碼。阿丑一出場便東倒西歪，演一位喝醉酒的人，胡言亂語，四處罵人，用詞詼諧，看戲的人都笑個不停。接著，路人上場，大叫：「大官出巡，閒雜人肅靜迴避！」沒想到，醉漢阿丑東比西指說：「什麼大官小官，黑狗白狗，你走你的陽關道，我走我的獨木橋，大爺我先在這裡喝酒，你才應該繞道走才是！」路人急了，改口說：「皇上駕到…」阿丑笑：「皇上還在睡夢中，迷迷糊糊，比我還醉呢？」路人心想：「連皇上都不怕，我還有一樣法寶，不信你不怕！」接著大叫：「汪公公駕到。」就看到阿丑一副被嚇得屁滾尿流般，馬上趴在地上直發抖說：「小的該死！小的該死！」
At that time, there was an eunuch by the name of A-Chou who was multi-talented and witty. The emperor liked him very much. Once Ming Sian Zong ordered A-Chou and his troupe to perform for him, A-Chou staged a show called “Drunk”. When the show began, A-Chou appeared on the stage staggering as a drunkard. He was talking nonsense and the lines were so witty that the audience could not stop laughing. Then the role of the passers-by came onto the stage. The passers-by announced, “The minister is coming on official business. Clear the way and be quiet!’’ To his surprise, the drunken A-Chou pointed at the passers-by and scolded, “Who cares if you are a minister or a small official? Who cares if you are a black dog or a white dog? You go your way, and I go my way. In fact, I was here first! So it is you who should walk around me.’’ The passers-by then announced, “The emperor is here!” But A-Chou burst out laughing, “The emperor is still dreaming! His mind is so clouded that he is even drunk than I am…” The passers-by thought, “Hmm… Not even the emperor could scare him. Well, I have one last way to scare some senses into him.’’ So he made one last announcement, “Wang
Jhih is arriving!’’ A-Chou immediately knelt on all fours, trembling and pleading, “Pardon me! Pardon me!”
憲宗看到這裡，雖然很不高興，可是心裡完全明白了。
Watching this, Ming Sian Zong got the message even though he was quite displeased by the performance.
指桑罵槐不從正面直接施加壓力或警告、責罵對方，而是用拐彎抹角的影射方式，產生嚇阻、威脅作用，來達到目的。
Avoid directly confront, warn or discipline another. Instead use analogies and innuendos without naming names, thereby achieving the goal of dissuading or threatening another.
【原文】第廿七計‧假痴不顛寧偽作不知不為，不偽作假知妄為。靜不露機，雲雪屯也。
【按語】假作不知而實知，假作不為而實不可為，或將有所為。司馬懿之假病昏以誅曹爽，受巾幗假請命以老蜀兵，所以成功；姜維九伐中原，明知不可為而妄為之，則似癡矣，所以破滅。兵書曰：「故善戰者之勝也，無智名，無勇功。」當其機未發時，靜屯似癡；若假癲，則不但露機，則亂動而群疑。故假痴者勝，假癲者敗。或日：假痴可以對敵，並可以用兵。宋代，南俗尚鬼。狄青征儂智高時，大兵始出桂林之南，因佯祝曰：「勝負無以為據。」乃取百錢自持，與神約，果大捷，則投此錢盡錢面也。左右諫止，儻不如意，恐沮軍，青不聽。萬眾方聳視，已而揮手一擲，百錢旨面。於是舉兵歡呼，聲震林野，青亦大喜；顧左右，取百丁（釘）來，即隨錢疏密，布地而帖丁（釘）之，加以青紗籠，手自封焉。曰：「俟凱旋，當酬神取錢。」其後平邕州還師，如言取錢，幕府士大夫共祝視，乃兩面錢也。
【中英對照】
第二十七計： 假痴不癲
Strategy 27: Feign Madness, But Keep Your Balance
司馬懿裝病奪權
Sih Ma Yi Feigns Illness to Seize Power
三國時，魏明帝死前任命曹爽為輔佐大臣，幫年僅八歲的太子管理朝政，曹爽為了獨攬大權，就建議廢帝以及立司馬懿為大傅，希望藉由升官，將司馬懿的大權搶過來，司馬懿知道實力不如曹爽，便裝病請假回家休養。
During the Three States Period, before Emperor Wei Ming died, he appointed Cao Shuan as the regent to assist his eight-year old crown prince in governing the country. But Cao Shuan had more ambitious plans. After Wei Ming died, Cao Shuan tried to seize power for himself, by suggesting that the child emperor be dethroned and that Sih Ma Yi be appointed prime minister. Cao Shuan hoped that by promoting Sih Ma Yi from a general to a prime minister, Sih Ma Yi would have to cede military command of the army. This way, Cao Shuan could then appoint his own man as general and seize control of the military. Sih Ma Yi knew that he was too weak to confront Cao Shuan at the moment, so he pretended to be ill and took a sick leave in order to thwart Cao Shuan’s scheme.
曹爽不放心便派李勝到司馬懿家中看看是不是真的生病。李勝看到婢女扶著兩眼無神、走路不穩的司馬懿到大廳見客，李勝對司馬懿說：「我要到荊州當刺史，今天是來向您辭行的。」司馬懿有氣無力的說：「并州離胡人很近，你要小心安全喔！」李勝回答：「是去荊州，不是并州。」司馬懿又說：「什麼！原來你已經去過并州了！」李勝心想他真的病得不輕，這時，又看到婢女端著藥出來，司馬懿喝藥流得嘴角和衣服都濕了，完全看不出以往威風八面的英姿。
When Cao Shuan heard the news that Sih Ma Yi was sick, he was not convinced that Sih Ma Yi was really sick. So he sent Li Sheng to visit Sih Ma Yi in order to verify the story. When Li Sheng visited Sih Ma Yi, he saw that Sih Ma Yi was a haggard man who needed a maid to steady him as he walked out to receive Li Sheng in the living room. Li Sheng told Sih Ma Yi, “I was appointed an official in Jing province. I am on my way there to serve my term. Today I came to pay my respects by saying farewell to you.” Sih Ma Yi said with a faint voice, “Bing province is very close to the border with barbarians. You must be very careful.” To this Li Sheng replied, “I said Jing province, not Bing province.” Sih Ma Yi then said, “Oh, so you have been to Bing province too…” Li Sheng thought that Sih Ma Yi was seriously ill. At this time the maid took the medicine tray into the living room to feed Sih Ma Yi his medicine. Sih Ma Yi slobbered medicine all over his mouth and his clothes while taking the medicine. There was none his past glory and grace.
李勝回去報告曹爽自己看到的景象，並說：「我看他大概活不了多久了，不用擔心。」曹爽大笑三聲，從此再也不管司馬懿。
Upon returning, Li Sheng reported to Cao Shuan what he saw during the visit. He said, “I think Sih Ma Yi is finished. I believe his days are numbered. There is no need to worry.” Cao Shuan laughed out loud and paid no attention to Sih Ma Yi from that day on.
第二年春天，司馬懿趁著曹爽等人去京城祭祖時，便發動政變，揭發曹爽兄弟的惡行，更以陰謀叛變的罪名，將曹爽兄弟等人全部處死，魏國政權又再度回到司馬懿的手
中。
The next spring, while Cao Shuan left the capital for ancestor worship, Sih Ma Yi launched a coup d’etat and disclosed the crimes by Cao Shuan and his gangs. He also accused them of treason and executed all of them. This was how Sih Ma Yi won back the political power of Wei.
假痴不癲指外表上好像裝瘋賣傻，什麼事也不做，其實一方面是怕對方起疑心，一方面在暗中等待有利時機，再一鼓作氣出擊。
Avoid directly confront, warn or discipline another. Instead use analogies and innuendos without naming names, thereby achieving the goal of dissuading or threatening another.
【原文】第廿八計‧上樓抽梯假之以便，唆之使前，斷其援應，陷之死地。遇毒，位不當也。
【按語】唆者，利使之也。利使之而不先為之便，或猶且不行。故抽梯之局，須先置梯，或示之梯。如：慕容垂、姚萇諸人慫秦苻堅侵晉，以乘機自起。
【中英對照】
第二十八計： 上屋抽梯
Strategy 28: Remove the Ladder When the Enemy Has Ascended to the Roof
楊津捉強盜
Yang Jin Caught the Bandits
南、北朝時岐州刺史楊津，有一次，碰到一件強盜案子，一位路過岐州的商人，所有貴重的財物都被洗劫一空，趕緊到官府報案。楊津根據商人的描述，知道強盜的口音不是本地人，所以就進一步問清楚強盜做案時所穿的衣服樣式、顏色和外表特徵等等細節。接著把屬下全部叫來，要他們到街上散布消息，讓大家知道有個人在城門外被人殺死，因為查不出來他的身分，只好公布衣著及特徵，希望他的親戚或家人可以出面指認。
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a local judge in Ci province by the name of Yang Jin. Once a businessman who traveled through Ci province was robbed of all his belongs. He immediately reported the robbery to the judge. According to the businessman, the robber did not have a local accent. Yang Jin asked about the details of the robber’s dress and his looks. Then he assembled his subordinates and ordered them to broadcast the news that someone was murdered outside the city gate, and they were trying to identify the deceased. By releasing the description of the dress would come forward to identify the corpse.
消息傳得很快，過了三、四個鐘頭後，果然，有一位哭哭啼啼的老婦人到官府來認屍，楊津又問了她一些更詳細的問題，確認犯人應該是她的兒子沒錯。於是就派人到老婦人家的四周埋伏，黃昏時，婦人的兒子一進門便被官兵抓住，並當場在他的身上搜到商人被搶走的財物，人贓俱獲，想賴都賴不掉，犯人只好乖乖認罪。
The news spread quickly. Three or four hours later, a wailing old woman came to the Court to identify the corpse. After asking her a few detailed questions, Yang Jin was certain that the suspect was her son. So he sent his men lurking outside her house. In the evening, as soon as the suspect entered the front door, he was captured by the police. They searched him and found all the missing belongs of the businessman. The loot that was on him made him unable to deny his crime, so he confessed on the spot.
上屋抽梯指故意露出馬腳，使對方以為有機會成功，等到敵人走進事先布局的陷阱裡，再一鼓作氣阻斷敵人的退路，進退兩難，只有乖乖就範。
Deceive the enemy into believing that he has a chance to win by deliberately revealing our weakness. Once the enemy was lured into the setup, block his escape route making him sit on the horn of a dilemma. The enemy therefore has no choice but to surrender.
【原文】第廿九計‧虛張聲勢借局布勢，力小勢大。鴻漸於陸，其羽可用為儀也。
【按語】此樹本無花，而樹則可以有花，剪綵貼之，不細察者不易覺，使花與樹交相輝映，而成玲瓏全局也。此蓋布精兵於友軍之陣，完其勢以威敵也。
【中英對照】
第二十九計： 樹上開花
Strategy 29: Deck the Tree With Fake Blossoms
翠花用鞋嚇賊
Cuei Hua Scares Away the Thief With Shoes
張家灣有個獵人叫張誠，有一天傍晚，張誠的妻子翠花看到有個人在門外探頭探腦，就跑去關門，沒想到被他衝進家裡，並在客廳的椅子上坐下，接著對她說：「大嫂，天快黑了，讓我住一晚，明天一早我就走。」翠花心想：「丈夫不會馬上回來，我也打不過他，怎麼辦？」這時，她從布簾縫隙瞄到床底下丈夫的一堆鞋子，靈機一動。
There once was a hunter who lived near the bay. One evening, his wife Cuei Hua saw a suspicious man outside their home. She rushed to shut the door but the thief was quicker than she was. He got in already and sat himself on a chair in the living room. The thief said to her, “Lady, it is getting dark soon. Let me stay for the night, and I shall leave early tomorrow.” Cuei Hua thought, “My husband won’t be home anytime soon, and I am not capable of fighting off this man. What should I do?’’ Through the curtains, she caught a glimpse of a couple of her husband’s shoes underneath the bed. So she had an idea. Cuei Hua poured tea for the thief and said, “Friends are important to a traveler. Have a cup of tea first, and I’ll bring you some water to wash your feet with.” Then Cuei Hua went inside and brought out six pairs of shoes with her into the living room, followed by a large basin full of water.
翠花邊倒茶邊說：「出外靠朋友！先喝口茶，我去準備洗腳水。」接著翠花就到床下拿出六雙鞋子放在客廳，再搬來一大盆水，山賊就說：「大嫂，一雙鞋子就夠了，再說我也用不著這麼多水！」翠花回答：「一雙是給你換的，其他是我老公和親戚待會兒回來要換的。」山賊東張西望地說：「我怎麼沒看到他們？」翠花說：「他們在屋後山腳下幹活，應該快回來了，你先坐一下，我到廚房做飯，等他們回來就可以吃飯。」山賊知道事情不妙，就趁翠花在廚房忙時，趕緊溜走。
The thief said, “One pair of shoes should be enough for me. Besides, I don’t need so much water to wash my feet.” Cuei Hua replied, “One is for you, and the others are for my husband and his relatives who should be back soon.” The thief looked around and said, “I don’t see them around here…” Cuei Hua replied, “That’s because they are working near the foot of the mountain behind this house. But they’ll be back soon. Make yourself at home. In the meantime, I’ll make dinner in the kitchen so we can all have dinner when they return.” The thief realized that things would not be as easy as he had imagined. So he slipped away while Cuei Hua was busy cooking in the kitchen.
樹上開花本指樹上花朵靠著樹枝交錯伸展的姿態，能更突顯整體的陣容浩大，並使人感到眼花撩亂。此指當自己的力量不夠時，可藉由外來或假象的力量，來壯大自己的聲勢，達到嚇阻或擊退敵人的最終目的。
Originally, it refers to the visual effect that all the dotted blossoms on a tree create - the illusion of a tree that is larger than it really is. Here it means to take advantage of terrain, weather, or other external conditions to create the visual illusion of a bigger force than you actually have. By deceiving the enemy into thinking that you are stronger than you really are, you can achieve the goal of scaring him away.
【原文】第卅計‧反客為主乘隙插足，扼其主機，漸之進也。
【按語】為人驅使者為奴，為人尊處者為客，不能立足者為暫客，能立足者為久客，客久而不能主事者為賤客，能主事則可漸握機要，而為主矣。故反客為主之局：第一步須爭客位；第二步須乘隙；第三步須插足；第四足須握機；第五步乃成功。為主，則並人之軍矣；此漸進之陰謀也。如李淵書尊李密，密卒以敗；漢高視勢未敵項羽之先，卑事項羽，使其見信，而漸以侵其勢，至垓下一役，一舉亡之。
【中英對照】
第三十計： 反客為主
Strategy 30: Exchange the Role of the Guest for the Host
黑吃黑
Stealing From the Robbers
有一個小偷跟著兩個強盜去某戶人家偷東西，強盜們在屋頂先用繩子將小偷放下去，要小偷負責偷值錢的財物，並把財物綁在繩子上讓強盜拉上去，就這樣拉了三次，算一算已經偷了不少的東西。
A thief worked with two robbers to steal from a house at night. From the rooftop, the robbers lowered the thief down into the house with a rope. The thief was to collect all the valuables and tied the loots to a rope so that the robbers could haul them up. They did this three times, and the robbers calculated that they had collected enough valuables.
最後一次，小偷就把珠寶和自己一起裝進一個木箱裡，強盜們在拉的時候，覺得這一次最重，一定是大豐收，這時兩人起了壞念頭，決定拉上木箱後就離開，不把小偷拉上來。誰知道，小偷已經在木箱裡，強盜們一看到木箱好大，高興得不得了，抬著木箱就走。
On the last haul, the thief hid himself inside a wooden box, along with some jewelry. The robbers found the box to be very heavy when they hauled it up. They thought that it must be something very valuable this time. So they got greedy and decided to take off with the box, leaving the thief behind. What they did not know was that the thief was already hidden inside the box.
走了一段路，由於木箱子實在太重了，兩個人便在路旁休息，小偷算算時間應該天亮了，剛好又聽到一群路人講話的聲音，心想：「這兩個強盜實在太可惡了，竟然丟下我不管。」於是，拉開嗓門大叫：「救命啊！強盜擄人劫財呀！」強盜們沒想到從木箱裡傳出救命聲，嚇得拔腿就跑，路人們把木箱打開，小偷編出一套被綁架的故事後，大搖大擺的把偷來的珠寶全部帶走了。
After walking a distance, they took a break on the roadside because the box was too heavy. The thief thought that it should be morning by now. Once he heard the voices of a group of passers-by. He thought to himself, “These two guys are really despicable. They abandoned me just like that!’’ So he shouted out loud, “Help! Help! Robbers!” The robbers did not expect to hear any sound coming out of the box. They were scared so they ran away. The passers-by opened the box. The thief came out and made up a story about how he was robbed and kidnapped by the two robbers. In the end, he walked away with all the loot.
反客為主本指主人與客人的角色地位互換，因為主人是主動，客人為被動，也就是化被動為主動的意思。
During a visit, the host usually initiates while the guest responds. So exchanging the role of the guest for the role of the host means to take the initiative of making something happen instead of waiting passively.
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