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Teaching vocabulary is an important link for teaching in a foreign language. The student's large or small amount of vocabulary and the level of mastery of the vocabulary will directly affect learning and improving their language skill such as listening, speaking, reading, writing, translating, etc.
There are several problems reflected from graduate students when they are learning English vocabulary.
1. The amount of vocabulary is not enough.
2. They lay particular stress on science and technology, or special subjects; yet neglect the common core of English vocabulary.
3. Their way of understanding and thinking of the meaning of words is narrow. For instance, a common polyseme (words with various meanings): they often have only a one-sided view. The students only understand the English vocabulary which relates to their subject or to their individual culture and history. Beyond that category, they don't understand the meaning of words.
4. Mechanical memorization causes them to be unable to draw inferences about cases from one instance.
5. Their productive vocabulary is very poor. Besides these problems, they often make simple mistakes in using the words, spelling, collocation and similar wrong usage.
This is a list of the Sixth Level Words determined by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中國科學院) for scholars that need to go abroad for research or advanced studies in the USA. Words are listed in alphabetical sequence.
| Sixth Level Vocabulary List for Visiting Scholars in the USA - Page 11 | |||
| Word | Type | Used in a Sentence | Synonym |
| dough | noun | She kneaded the dough to make bread. | raw pastry |
| noun | He needed dough to buy a car. | money | |
| dread | verb | I shall dread having to meet her Dad. | fear |
| noun | It is with dread I go there. | apprehension | |
| droop | verb | After four days the flowers began to droop. | sag |
| drove | noun | In the road we saw a drove of cattle. | herd |
| elm | noun | We have a large elm in front of our house. | type of tree |
| eminent | adj. | She was an eminent scientist at her university. | prominent |
| enlist | verb | We need to enlist her help in this matter. | obtain |
| verb | He will enlist in the army soon. | join | |
| err | verb | To err is a human trait. | make a mistake |
| esteem | noun | They held her with esteem. | respect |
| verb | They esteem her accomplishments. | admire | |
| exalt | verb | We exalt the God of the universe. | praise |
| exile | verb | They will exile him for his actions. | banish |
| noun | He lived in Italy as an exile. | refugee | |
| feat | noun | Winning the race was a great feat. | accomplishment |
| federation | noun | It was a federation of small states. | union |
| fern | noun | A fern grew in our back yard. | plant |
| fiery | adj. | He made a fiery speech that night. | passionate |
| Sixth Level Vocabulary List for Visiting Scholars in the USA - Page 12 | |||
| Word | Type | Used in a Sentence | Synonym |
| fiery | adj. | The destruction of the house was a fiery event. | with flames |
| fig | noun | We ate a fig with our supper. | fruit |
| fir | noun | A giant fir grows next to the house. | type of tree |
| foe | noun | We regard them as our foe. | enemy |
| forbear | verb | You must forbear from using salt. | resist |
| ford | noun | They needed a ford to cross the river. | shallow place in river |
| verb | We will ford the river here. | cross | |
| fragrance | noun | We loved the fragrance of the roses. | pleasant smell |
| gale | noun | The gale blew down many trees in the storm. | strong wind |
| gallant | adj. | The gallant officer led his men into battle. | brave |
| gallows | noun | They led him up to the gallows. | device to hang people |
| gem | noun | A large gem hung around her neck. | precious stone |
| gerund | noun | The gerund of speak is speaking. | grammar term |
| glisten | verb | The flower will glisten after the rain. | gleam |
| gloom | noun | Gloom spread to all after hearing the bad news. | unhappiness |
| gospel | noun | They considered the book as gospel. | truth |
| noun | Chairman Mao's words were the gospel of Communism. | doctrine | |
| granite | noun | They used granite for the tombstone. | type of rock |
| grate | verb | Grate the cheese and put it on top. | shred |
| verb | Her words will grate most listeners. | annoy | |
| Sixth Level Vocabulary List for Visiting Scholars in the USA - Page 13 | |||
| Word | Type | Used in a Sentence | Synonym |
| groom | verb | You should groom the horse before the show. | tidy |
| noun | The groom smiled at his bride to be. | male being married | |
| guardian | noun | You are the guardian of that child. | custodian |
| gush | verb | The water will gush during a storm. | heavy flow |
| noun | A gush started after it rained. | heavy flow | |
| gymnastics | noun | They all excelled in gymnastics. | physical exercise |
| hardy | adj. | It was a hardy tree that withstood the wind. | strong |
| heed | noun | Pay no heed to his vile speech. | notice |
| verb | You must heed the speed limit. | pay attention | |
| helm | noun | He stood at the helm of the ship. | steering the rudder |
| hem | noun | The hem of her dress was ragged. | edge |
| verb | She will hem in the torn dress. | repair by sewing | |
| hermit | noun | The old man lived as a hermit. | loner |
| heroic | adj. | Hers was a heroic position to take. | courageous |
| hive | noun | We took honey from the bee hive. | home for bees |
| hog | noun | They sold the hog to make some money. | large pig |
| verb | You should not hog the food. | take more than your share | |
| hood | noun | She used a hood to cover her head from the cold. | head covering |
| noun | He opened the hood to discover the engine trouble. | car engine cover | |
| hoof | noun | You must trim the horse's hoof. | foot of animal |
| Sixth Level Vocabulary List for Visiting Scholars in the USA - Page 14 | |||
| Word | Type | Used in a Sentence | Synonym |
| hue | noun | She wanted a red hue to paint the room. | shade of color |
| idol | noun | The movie star was the idol of the teenagers. | favorite |
| imperial | adj. | They bowed to the imperial majesty. | royal |
| indifferent | adj. | He was indifferent to her beauty. | detached |
| infantry | noun | The infantry does most of the actual fighting. | foot soldier |
| infer | verb | I infer you wish to go now. | surmise |
| invaluable | adj. | It became invaluable information to us. | precious |
| isle | noun | She lived on the Isle of Wright. | island |
| kin | noun | She became kin when she married my son. | family |
| knight | noun | He was the favorite knight of the King | medieval warrior |
| languish | verb | The old castle will languish with neglect. | decline |
| verb | After he died she languished from loneliness. | waste away | |
| lash | noun | He cried of from the lash from the whip. | blow |
| verb | Lash down everything before the storm. | fasten | |
| layman | noun | The teacher was just a layman. | amateur |
| liquor | noun | Liquor will often loosen your morals. | alcohol |
| lit | verb | We lit the fire as it became dark. | ignite |
| loom | verb | The failure will loom over us soon. | hover |
| noun | She used a loom to weave her garment. | device to make cloth | |
| lull | verb | It was a lull in the storm. | calm |
| Sixth Level Vocabulary List for Visiting Scholars in the USA - Page 15 | |||
| Word | Type | Used in a Sentence | Synonym |
| lull | verb | Her singing will lull the baby to sleep. | soothe |
| lure | noun | The lure will be the beautiful lady. | temptation |
| verb | Money will lure him into the crime. | seduce | |
| lurk | verb | He will lurk nearby until they come. | hide |
| luster | noun | The luster of gold will attract many people. | sparkle |
| madam | noun | He asked if madam was at home. | married lady |
| manifold | verb | The problems manifold when money is short. | become many |
| adj. | It is of manifold importance today. | extreme | |
| maple | noun | They planted a maple in the yard. | type of tree |
| mare | noun | The mare became a fast racehorse. | female horse |
| mariner | noun | This mariner had been at sea for many years. | seaman |
| marshal | noun | He was arrested by the marshal. | peace officer |
| verb | You must marshal all of your assets. | deploy, gather | |
| maxim | noun | Honesty is a maxim of truthfulness. | adage |
| meddle | verb | Do not meddle in others affairs. | interfere |
| mellow | verb | He will mellow with age. | mature |
| melody | noun | It became a favorite melody of hers. | tune |
| moth | noun | A moth will be attracted by a flame. | flying insect |
| mound | noun | They built the house a on a mound. | knoll, small hill |
| murmur | verb | The crowd began to murmur after hearing the news. | mutter |
| Sixth Level Vocabulary List for Visiting Scholars in the USA - Page 16 | |||
| Word | Type | Used in a Sentence | Synonym |
| naught | pronoun | All their work was for naught. | nothing |
| noun | The score was 1 to naught. | zero | |
| nay | noun | Most people voted nay. | no |
| necessitate | verb | Money worries will necessitate him going to work. | compel |
| noodles | noun | We loved to eat noodles in China. | food |
| nostril | noun | He had lots of hair in his nostrils. | nose opening |
| nude | noun | They painted a portrait of the nude. | naked |
| adj. | The nude lady fled from the house fire. | without clothes | |
| numb | adj. | He had a numb feeling in his fingers. | unfeeling |
| verb | Cold will numb the hands and feet. | deaden | |
| numeral | noun | The house had the numeral 10 on the door. | number |
| oats | noun | Oats can be good for your heart. | type of grain |
| odds | noun | The odds of winning are not very good, | probability |
| outfit | noun | I served in a military outfit. | company |
| noun | She wore a strange outfit to dinner. | clothes | |
| noun | That outfit had some strange habits. | group | |
| verb | We must outfit her for the journey. | provide needed items | |
| paddle | noun | We need a paddle for our canoe. | oar |
| verb | They will paddle as fast as they can. | propel with oars | |
| verb | They paddled the boy for his mischief. | spank | |
| Sixth Level Vocabulary List for Visiting Scholars in the USA - Page 17 | |||
| Word | Type | Used in a Sentence | Synonym |
| painstaking | adj. | She checked each item with painstaking care. | thorough |
| pang | noun | When he moved his foot he felt a pang of pain. | twinge |
| parish | noun | He lived a rural parish. | community |
| parlor | noun | She sat in the parlor with her friends. | front room |
| parson | noun | The parson came to visit us at our home. | cleric |
| pastry | noun | The boy enjoyed eating pastry. | cookies, cake |
| pavilion | noun | We visited a number of pavilions in China. | structure or building |
| peacock | noun | The peacock strutted showing all his ornate feathers. | type of bird |
| peg | verb | We must peg down the tent before the storm. | fasten with stakes |
| noun | We needed another peg for our tent. | stake | |
| picturesque | adj. | We observed a picturesque scene from our hotel window. | charming |
| plank | noun | A plank covered the hole in the bridge floor. | board |
| plum | noun | We ate a juicy plum at dinner. | type of fruit |
| pony | noun | The young girl got a pony for her birthday. | small horse |
| postscript | noun | He added a postscript to the letter. | afterthought |
| pretense | noun | Under the pretense of helping her he stole her money. | deception |
| pretext | noun | He used a pretext to gain her trust. | guise |
| procure | verb | We need to procure funds to buy food. | obtain |
| prosper | verb | With the new job they hope to prosper next year. | do well |
| providence | noun | It is providence that we met them. | fate |
| Sixth Level Vocabulary List for Visiting Scholars in the USA - Page 18 | |||
| Word | Type | Used in a Sentence | Synonym |
| prune | noun | My wife loves to eat a prune now and then. | type of fruit |
| verb | We need to prune down our work force. | reduce | |
| pudding | noun | My son loves to eat bread pudding. | a dessert |
| pumpkin | noun | We often use pumpkin to make a pie. | a vegetable |
| rape | verb | Rape is a serious crime against women. | sexual battery |
| verb | The pirates would rape and plunder whole islands. | pillage | |
| recess | noun | The court called a recess in the proceedings. | interlude |
| renown | noun | She became a renown author after those books. | well-known |
| repose | noun | The body lay in repose in the casket. | peace |
| rhyme | verb | Well rhymes with bell. | similar sound |
| noun | For poetry you need to be able write in rhyme. | words that sound similar | |
| robin | noun | A fat robin ran in the grass looking for worms. | type of bird |
| rustic | adj. | They lived in a rustic area of the state. | rural |
| sage | noun | He was known as a journalistic sage. | wise person |
| noun | We use sage as seasoning when we cook turkeys. | type of spice | |
| sally | verb | The enemy would sally forth to attack us. | venture |
| saloon | noun | He often would go to a saloon to drink beer. | bar |
| salvation | noun | Money can be salvation to a poor man. | deliverance |
| sap | noun | I was a sap to believe her then. | idiot |
| verb | The work would sap my strength. | weaken | |
| Sixth Level Vocabulary List for Visiting Scholars in the USA - Page 19 | |||
| Word | Type | Used in a Sentence | Synonym |
| satin | noun | She slept on a satin sheet. | type of cloth |
| scalp | noun | The doctor treated her scalp with medicine. | top of head |
| serene | adj. | She appeared as a gracious and serene lady. | calm |
| sergeant | noun | The sergeant led his men into battle. | enlisted rank |
| shilling | noun | It cost about 3 shillings. | English money |
| shudder | noun | I shudder to think about that day. | shake |
| siege | noun | The enemy prepared for a siege of the town. | surround and conquer a town |
| sip | verb | She took a sip of the tea. | slowly drink |
| skull | noun | They found a human skull on the shore. | head bone |
| skunk | noun | Do not go near a skunk. | smelly animal |
| slay | verb | We must slay the enemy before he attacks us. | kill |
| snail | noun | Some people love to eat snails. | type of terrestrial mollusk |
| soar | verb | Eagles often soar in the mountain winds. | fly |
| sod | noun | We planted our lawn using sod. | turf |
| solitary | adj. | On the hill stood a solitary oak tree. | single |
| solitude | noun | Sometimes solitude can help you think. | isolation |
| soothe | verb | She needed to soothe the frightened boy. | calm |
| speck | noun | On his shirt was a speck of dirt. | tiny piece |
| spine | noun | He suffered a fracture of his spine. | back bones |
| spire | noun | The church had a spire with a cross. | tapering top of a building |
| Sixth Level Vocabulary List for Visiting Scholars in the USA - Page 20 | |||
| Word | Type | Used in a Sentence | Synonym |
| splendor | noun | Many have admired the splendor of imperial China | magnificence |
| squeak | verb | The door would squeak when opened. | squeal |
| noun | The mouse let out a squeak when approached. | peep | |
| stanza | noun | The poem consisted of six stanzas. | division of a poem |
| starch | noun | We used starch to thicken the gravy. | flour |
| steadfast | noun | Remain steadfast in your convictions. | firm |
| stork | noun | A stork nested on the roof of his house. | type of bird |
| strait | noun | They sailed through the strait of Juan de Fuca. | channel |
| streak | noun | A streak of paint told of the accident. | strip |
| verb | They will streak through the center of town. | dash | |
| stroll | verb | We often stroll along the ocean edge. | slowly walk |
| noun | We took a stroll after our dinner. | leisurely walk | |
| stump | verb | The question will stump our leader. | baffle |
| subjunctive | adj. | If he would come, I would see him. | grammar term expresses a doubt or wish |
| swan | noun | A swan swam by our boat in the lake. | type of bird |
| syllable | noun | The word "habit" has more than one syllable. | single sound |
| synonym | noun | Talk is a synonym of speak. | words with similar meaning |
| talkative | adj. | She became quite talkative when excited. | chatty |
| tariff | noun | The tariff on cars is excessive. | tax |
| testimony | noun | She gave testimony in the murder trial. | vocal evidence |
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