省略句 (ellipsis) 基本概念篇

省略句 (ellipsis)　基本概念篇

1. 省略句的定義
省略是為了避免重複、突出新資訊並使上下文緊密連接的一種語法修辭手段。省略在語言中，尤其在對話中，是一種十分普遍的現象。

2. 小品詞的省略
（ 1 ）省略介詞

He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四個小時複習功課。

I ' ve studied Eng1ish (for) five years. 我已學五年英語了。
（ 2 ）省略連詞 that

I believe (that) you will succeed ． 我相信你們會成功的。

It ' s a pity (that) he ' s leaving. 他要走，真遺憾。

I ' m sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她會幫你的。
注：在賓語從句中，當有兩個及以上並列從句時，第一個that可省，以後的均不可省。
（ 3 ）省略關係代詞

I ' ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都給你。

He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看過我昨天買的書了。

3. 句子成分的省略
（ 1 ）省略主語

Beg your pardon. （我）請你原諒。（ Beg 前省略了主語 I ）

Take care! 當心！（ Take 前省略了主語 you ）

Looks as if it will rain. 看起來象要下雨。（ Looks 前省略了主語 it ）
（ 2 ）省略謂語

Who next? 該誰了？（ Who 後面省略了謂語 comes ）

The river was deep and the ice thin. （ ice 後面省略了 was ）

We ' ll do the best we can. 我們將盡力而為。（ can 後面省略了動詞 do ）
（ 3 ）省略表語

Are you ready? Yes, I am. 你準備好了嗎？ 我準備好了。（ am 後面省略了 ready ）

He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth. 他還是象年輕時那樣，是一位運動愛好者。（ had been 後面省略了 a lover of sports ）
（ 4 ）省略賓語

Let ' s do the dishes. I ' ll wash and you ' ll dry. 讓我們洗碗吧，我來洗，你來揩幹。（ wash 和 dry 後面省略了賓語 dishes ）
（ 5 ）省略定語

He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 那錢他花了部分，其餘的他都存了起來。（ the rest 後面省略了定語 of the money ）
（ 6 ）省略狀語

He was not hurt. Strange! 他沒有受傷，真奇怪！（ Strange 前面省略了狀語 how ）
難點釋疑篇

1. 省略句可同時省掉句子幾個成份

What exciting news! (= What exciting news it is!) 多麼令人激動的消息啊！

Pity he ' s failed. (= It is a pity that he ' s failed.) 很遺憾，他失敗了。

I like him more than her. (= I like him more than I like her.) 我喜歡他更甚於喜歡她。

2. 英語中有一些固定的省略結構：

a) 在以 if, when, though, as if （好像）等連詞引導的從句中，如從句中的主要動詞是 be ，常將主語和動詞 be 省略。

If necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要，我們就往家裡打電報。

Whenever possible, he will come to my help. 他一有可能就來幫助我。

While cycling, don ' t forget the traffic lights. 騎車時，不要忘記看紅綠燈。

b) 由固定片語引導的疑問句：

What about having a game of chess? 下盤棋怎麼樣？

How come they left you alone here? 他們怎麼會把你一人留在這裡呢？

What if it ' s raining? 如果天下雨怎麼辦？

Why not try again? 為什麼不再試試呢？

c) 在口語中，為了避免重複，不定式可以省去和句子前部重複的動詞原形而只留下不定式符號 to 。

He may leave if he wishes to. 他可以走，如果他願意的話。

Don ' t go till I tell you to. 等我叫你走你再走。

3. 被省略的部分一般可以在句子中補上，但有時省略結構已經定型，如果把省略部分補上，反而不合乎習慣。

He is taller than I am. 他比我高。（ am 之後省略 tall ，補上不合習慣）

No parking. 禁止停車。（告示用語 = No parking is allowed here. ）
有一些習慣表達很難補上所省略的部分：

Not at all. 不用謝。

No matter. 不要緊。

Thanks. 謝謝。
語法應試篇

I. 改寫句子 使用省略手段避免下面各句重複與冗贅 :

1. Someone has used my mobile phone, but I don ' t know who has used it.

2. John worked hard but his brother did not work hard.

3. I have lazy students and hardworking students in my class.

4. --- Has he ever been abroad?

--- No, he has never been abroad.

5. If it is necessary, we will finish it ahead of time.

6. You must not be late and you must not be absent.

7. Give me your name and address, please.

8. It is well done.

9. Mother can take a rest, Mother should take a rest but Mother won ' t take a rest after long hours of work.

10.He could answer the questions very well if he would answer the questions but he didn ' t answer the questions.

II. 單項選擇 從 A 、 B 、 C 、 D 四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案：

1. --- I won ' t do it any more. --- ________?

A. Why don ' t B. Why don ' t do it any more

C. Why not D. Why not to

2. Although ________ to stop, he kept on working.

A. tell B. telling C. having told D. told

3. --- Will you waste your time and money on that? --- Certainly ________.

A. I not B. don ' t C. not D. no

4. --- Mary didn ' t attend the lecture, did she? --- Yes, she ________.

A. attended B. didn ' t attend C. didn ' t D. did

5. --- What ' s Joan doing?

--- _________ newspapers in the room.

A. She reading B. She reads

C. To read D. Reading

6. _________ always succeed.

A. Honest and clever students B. Students who honest and clever

C. Honest students and clever D. Students are honest and clever

7. --- Can you climb that tree, my boy? --- __________ ?

A. I B. Myself C. Mine D. Me

8. Some people are against the plan but _______ support it.

A. any more B. many more C. much more D. no more

9. --- I ' ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?

--- Not at all. _________.

A. I ' ve no time B. I ' d rather not C. I ' d like to D. I ' d be happy to

10. --- Why not go and have dinner in a restaurant? --- _________. It ' s too expensive.

A. Why not B. I agree C. I'm afraid not D. I'm sure
答案： CDCDD ADBDC