Common Prefixes, Suffixes, and Root Words

Common Prefixes, Suffixes, and Root Words
https://www.msu.edu/~defores1/gre/roots/gre_rts_afx3.htm

The English language has its roots in several languages, including Greek, Latin, and older forms of English, German, and French. Learning to recognize common roots and affixes (prefixes and suffixes) will help you build your vocabulary and improve your ability to make educated guesses about unknown words you encounter in reading and test-taking situations. Good dictionaries will give you information about the origins of words. Whenever you look up a new word, make a point of reading this information. Some of the roots and affixes that appear in a large number of words. Learning these will enhance your ability to comprehend course readings and learn new terminology.
 

Prefix	Meaning	Example
a, an	without, not	asexual, amoral, anarchy, anhydrous, Anabaptist, anachronism
ab, abs, a	apart, away from	abnormal, abduct, abductor (muscle), abscission .See ad in Prefixes,
ad	toward	adhere, adductor (muscle) . See ab in Prefixes section), adumbrate
agere	act	agent, agency, agenda
amphi, ambi	round, both sides	amphitheater, amphibian, ambidextrous, ambivalent
ante	before	antedate, anteroom, antecedent, anterior
anthro	man	anthropology, anthropomorphic
anti	against	antipathy, antitank, anticlimax
aqua	water	aquarium, aqueous
archaios	ancient	archeology, archetype, archaic, archeozoic
archos	leader, first, chief	monarchy, oligarchy, anarchy, archetype, architect
audio	hear	audiophile, audiometer, auditory
auto	self	automatic, automaton, auto-immune
bi	two	bi-partisan, bisexual, biennial, binary, bicuspid, bivalve
bene	well, favorable	benefit, benevolent, benefactor, beneficent
bible	book	bibliography, Bible, bibliophile
bio	life	biology, biography, bio-active
caco	Bad	cacophony
cide	kill	homicide, parricide, germicidal, ecocide
circum	around	circumference, circumlocution, circumnavigate
constitutus	stand	constitution, statute
corpus	body	corpse, corporeal punishment, corpus callosum
cracy	rule	democracy, theocrat, technocracy
credo	belief	credit, (see also roots section)
demos	people	democracy, demographic
di	two, double	dimorphism, dicotyledon, diatomic
dia	across, through	diagonal, dialectic, dialogue, diagnosis
dis	not, apart	disperse, disinherit, disenfranchise, distend
dominus	lord	dominant, dominion
dynasthai	be able	dynamic, dynamo, dynasty, dynamite
ego	I, self	ego, egomaniac, egocentric,
epi	upon, over	epidermis, epidemic, epigram, epitaph, epithet, epiphyte, epistasis, epinephrine, epiphysis
ex	out	exotic, exterior, extraneous, extemporaneous, exophalmic, exogenous, exothermic, exoskeleton
federis (see also Roots section)	league, pact	federation, confederate
frater	brother	fraternize, fraternity, fraternal, fratricide
geo	earth	geology, geography, geocentric, geomancy
graph (see also Roots section)	write, record	graphic, graphite, graphology,
hetero	mixed, unlike	heterogeneous, heterosexual, heterodox, heterodont, hetero atom, heterocyclic, heterozygous,
homo	same, alike	homogeneous, homogenized, homozygous, homolytic fission, Homo sapiens, homonid, homeostasis
idem	the same	identity, idiopathic, I, individual
ideo	idea	ideology, ideation, ideal
idios	one's own	idiom, idiosyncrasy, idiopathic
in	in	incarcerate, incorporate, inculcate, induction, inductance, indigenous, indicator, inspiration
in, im	not	incredible, ignoble, inglorious, inhospitable, infinite, infinitesimal, immoral
inter	between	interact, interstellar, interpret, interstitial
legis (lex)	law	legal, legislature
lexis	word	lexicon, lexicography
liber	free, book	liberty, library, liberal
locus	place	locality, local, circumlocution
macro	large	macroeconomics, macroscopic, macrophage
mania (see Roots section also)	obsession	maniac, Beatlemania
meter (see Roots section also)	measure	metronome, speedometer, odometer
micro	small	microscope, micron, micrometer, microorganism
mittere, mitto (see Roots section also)	send	mission, transmit, remit
mono	one, single	monocle, monopoly, monogamy, monovalent, monomania, monarchy
mortis	death	mortician, mortuary, moribund, morbid
nomen	name	noble, ignominy, nomenclature, nominal
olig	few	oligarchy, oligopoly
pater	father	paternal, paternity, patricide
ped (see Roots section also)	foot	pedestrian, pedal, pedicure, podiatrist
peri	around	peripatetic, periscope, perineum, peritoneum
phage (see Roots section also)	eat	phagocyte, phagocytosis
philo	love	philosophy, philanthropy
phobos (see Roots section)
phon (see Roots section)
polein	sell	monopoly
polis (see Roots section also)	city	political, metropolitan
poly (see Roots section also)	many	polygamy, polyphonic, hoi polloi
porto	carry	porter, export
post	after	post script (p.s.), ex post facto, post hoc, post-mortem
pre	before	premier, preview, premium, prescient
pro	before, in favor of	project, projectile,
psyche	mind, soul	psychology
publicus	people	public, republic, pub, publican
riparia	river	riparian
scope	examine	microscope, oscilloscope
scribo (see Roots section also)	write	transcribe, scribe, script
solus	alone	solo, solitary
subter	under, secret	subterfuge, subtle, subaltern, subterranean
sin (sys before b, p, or m)	together, with	synchronize, symphony, sympathy, syncretic, syncope
tele	distance	telegraph, telephone, teleology
trans	across	transport, transcend, transmogrify
utilis	useful	utility, utilitarian
vide, visibil, vis	see	video, vision, visible

 

Suffix	Meaning	Example
able, ible	able, capable	capable, agreeable, edible, visible
ade	result of action	blockade
age	act of, state of, result of	storage, wreckage, damage
al	relating to	gradual, manual, natural
algia	pain	neuralgia, nostalgia, myalgia
an, ian	native of, relating to	African, riparian,
ance, ancy	action, process, state	assistance, allowance, defiance
ary, ery, ory	relating to, quality, place where	aviary, bravery, dormitory
cian	possessing a specific skill or art	magician, physician,
cy	action, function	hesitancy, prophecy, normalcy
cule, ling	very small	molecule, ridicule, animalcule, duckling, sapling
dom	quality, realm	freedom, kingdom, wisdom
ee	one who receives the action	refugee, nominee, lessee
en	made of, to make	silken, frozen, wooden
ence, ency	action, state of, quality	difference, confidence, urgency, agency
er, or	one who, that which	baker, miller, professor
escent	in the process of	adolescent, senescence, putrescence
ese	a native of, the language of	Javanese, Japanese, Balinese
esis, osis	action, process, condition	genesis, hypnosis, neurosis, osmosis
ess	female	goddess, lioness, actress
et, ette	small one, group	midget, baronet, sextet, lorgnette
fic	making, causing	scientific, specific
ful	full of	frightful, careful, helpful
fy	make	beautify, fortify, simplify
hood	order, condition, quality	manhood, adulthood
ic	nature of, like	metallic, acidic, bucolic, simplistic
ice	condition, state, quality	justice, malice
id, ide	a thing connected with or belonging to	fluid, fluoride, bromide
ile	relating to, suited for, capable of	juvenile, senile, purile, missile
ine	nature of	feminine, genuine, medicine
ion, sion, tion	act, result, or state of	cancellation, contagion, infection, crenellation
ish	origin, nature, resembling	foolish, Irish, clownish, impish
ism	system, manner, condition, characteristic	alcoholism, communism, capitalism,
ist	one who, that which	artist, dentist, flautist
ite	nature of, quality of, mineral product	prelate, Mennonite, dynamite, graphite, Israelite
ity, ty	state of, quality	celebrity, captivity, clarity, poverty
ive	causing, making	abusive, exhaustive, abortive
ize, ise	make	emphasize, exercise, bowdlerize, bastardize, idolize, fanaticize
logy	study, science, theory	biology, anthropology, geology, neurology
ly	like, manner of	carelessly, fearlessly, hopelessly
ment	act of, state or, result	containment, contentment, amendment
ness	state of	carelessness, restlessness
nomy	law	autonomy, economy, taxonomy
oid	resembling	asteroid, spheroid, rhomboid, anthropoid
ous	full of, having	gracious, nervous, pompous,
ship	state of, office, quality	assistantship, friendship, authorship
some	like, apt, tending to	lonesome, lissome, threesome, gruesome
tude	state of, condition of	gratitude, aptitude, multitude
ure	state of, act, process, rank	culture, literature, rupture, rapture
ward	in the direction of	eastward, downward, backward
y	inclined to, tend to	cheery, crafty, faulty

 

Root	Meaning	Examples
acer, acid, acri	bitter, sour, sharp	acerbic, acidity, acrid, acrimony
acu	sharp	acute, acupuncture, accurate
ag, agi, ig, act	do, move, go	agent, agenda, agitate, navigate, ambiguous, action
ali, allo, alter	other	alias, alibi, alien, alloy, alter, alter ego, altruism
alt(us)	high, deep	altimeter, altitude
am, amor	love, liking	amiable, amorous, enamoured
Anni, annu, enni	year	anniversary, annually, centennial
anthrop	man	anthropology, misanthrope, philanthropy
anti(co)	old	antique, antiquated, antiquity
arch	chief, first, rule	archangel, architect, archaic, monarchy, matriarchy, patriarchy, Archeozoic era
aster, astr	star	aster, asterisk, asteroid, astronomy, astronaut
aud, aus	hear, listen	audiology, auditorium, audio, audition, ausculate
aug, auc	increase	augur, augment, auction
auto, aut	self	automobile, autograph, automatic
belli	war	rebellion, belligerent, casus belli, bellicose
bibl	book	Bible, bibliography, bibliomania
bio	life	biology, biometrics, biome, biosphere
brev	short	abbreviate, brief
cad, cas	to fall	cadaver, cadence, cascade
calor	heat	calorie, caloric, calorimeter
cap, cip, cept	take	capable, intercept, forceps, capture, except, reciprocate
capit, capt	head	decapitate, capital, captain, caption
carn	flesh	carnivorous, incarnate, reincarnation, carnal
caus, caut	burn, heat	caustic, cauldron, cauterize
cause, cuse, cus	cause, motive	because, excuse, accusation
ced, ceed, cede, cess	move, yield, go, surrender	procedure, proceed, cede, concede, recede, precede, accede, success
cenetri	center	concentric, centrifugal, centripetal, eccentric
chrom	color	chrome, chromosome, polychrome, chromatic
chron	time	chronology, chronometer, synchronize
cide, cise	cut down, kill	homicide, exorcise, germicide, incision, scissors
cit	call, start	incite, citation, cite
civ	citizen	civic, civil, civilian, civilization
clam, claim	cry out	exclamation, clamor, proclamation, reclamation, acclaim
clud, clus, claus	shut	include, conclude, recluse, claustrophobia, occlusion, occult
cognoac, gnosi	know	recognize, prognosis, cognoscenti, incognito, agnostic
cord, cor, cardi	heart	cordial, concord, discord, courage, encourage
corp	body	corporation, corporal punishment, corpse, corpulent, corpus luteum
cosm	universe, world	cosmos, microcosm, cosmopolitan, cosmonaut
crat, cracy	rule	autocrat, aristocrat, theocracy, technocracy
crea	create	creature, recreation, creation
cred	believe	creed, credo, credence, credit, credulous, incredulous, incredible
cresc, cret, crease, cru	rise, grow	crescendo, concrete, increase, decrease, accrue
crit	separate, choose	critical, criterion, hypocrite
cur, curs	run	current, concurrent, concur, incur, recur, occur, courier, precursor, cursive
cura	care	curator, curative, manicure
cycl, cyclo	wheel, circular	Cyclops, unicycle, bicycle, cyclone, cyclic
deca	ten	decade, decalogue, decathlon, decahedron
dem	people	democracy, demography, epidemic
dent, dont	tooth	dental, denture, orthodontist, periodontal
derm	skin	hypodermic, dermatology, epidermis, taxidermy
dict	say, speak	dictation, dictionary, dictate, dictator, Dictaphone, edict, predict, verdict, contradict, benediction
doc, dokein	teach	doctrine, indoctrinate, document, dogma, dogmatic
domin	master	dominate, dominion, predominant, domain
don	give	donate, condone
dorm	sleep	dormant, dormitory
dox	opinion, praise	orthodox, heterodox, paradox, doxology
drome	run, step	syndrome (run together), hippodrome (place where horses run)
duc, duct	lead	induce, seduce (lead aside), produce, reduce
dura	hard, lasting	durable, duration, endure
dynam	power	dynamo, dynamic, dynamite, hydrodynamics
endo	within	endorse, endocardial, endoskeletal, endoskeleton, endosperm
equi	equal	equinox, equilibrium, equipoise
erg	work	energy, erg, allergy, ergometer, ergograph, ergophobia
fac, fact, fic, fect	do, make	factory, fact, manufacture, amplification, confection
fall, fals	deceive	fallacy, falsify, fallacious
fer	bear, carry	ferry, coniferous, fertile, defer, infer, refer, transfer
fid, fide, feder(is)	faith, trust	confidante, fidelity, confident, infidelity, infidel, federal, confederacy, semper fi
fila, fili	thread	filigree, filament, filter, filet, filibuster
fin	end, ended, finished	final, finite, finish, confine, fine, refine, define, finale
fix	fix	fix, fixation, fixture, affix, prefix, suffix
flex, flect	bend	flex, reflex, flexible, flexor, inflexibility, reflect, deflect
flu, fluc, fluv	flowing	influence, fluid, flue, flush, fluently, fluctuate
form	form, shape	form, uniform, conform, formulary, perform, formal, formula
fort, forc	strong	fort, fortress, fortify, forte, fortitude
fract, frag	break	fracture, infraction, fragile, fraction, refract
gam	marriage	bigamy, monogamy, polygamy
gastr (o)	stomach	gastric, gastronomic, gastritis, gastropod
gen	birth, race, produce	genesis, genetics, eugenics, genealogy, generate, genetic, antigen, pathogen
geo	earth	geometry, geography, geocentric, geology
germ	vital part	germination, germ, germane
gest	carry, bear	congest, gestation
gloss, glot	tongue	glossary, polyglot, epiglottis
glu, glo	lump, bond, glue	glue, agglutinate, conglomerate
grad, gress	step, go	grade, gradual, graduate, progress, graduated, egress
graph, gram	write, written	graph, graphic, autograph, photography, graphite, telegram
grat	pleasing	congratulate, gratuity, grateful, ingrate
grav	heavy, weighty	grave, gravity, aggravate, gravitate
greg	herd	gregarious, congregation, segregate, gregarian
hypn	sleep	hypnosis, hypnotherapy
helio	sun	heliograph, heliotrope, heliocentric
hema, hemo	blood	hemorrhage, hemoglobin, hemophilia, hemostat
here, hes	stick	adhere, cohere, cohesion, inherent, hereditary
hetero	different	heterogeneous, heterosexual, heterodox
homo	same	homogeneous, homonym, homogenize
hum, human	earth, ground, man	humus, exhume, humane
hydr, hydra, hydro	water	dehydrate, hydrant, hydraulic, hydraulics, hydrogen, hydrophobia
ignis	fire	ignite, igneous, ignition
ject	throw	deject, inject, project, eject, interject
join, junct	join	adjoining, enjoin, juncture, conjunction, injunction, conjunction
juven	young	juvenile, rejuvenate
lau, lav, lot, lut	wash	launder, lavatory, lotion, ablution, dilute
leg	law	legal, legislate, legislature, legitimize
levi	light	alleviate, levitate, levity
liber, liver	free	liberty, liberal, liberalize, deliverance
liter	letters	literary, literature, literal, alliteration, obliterate
loc, loco	place	locality, allocate, locomotion
log, logo, ology	word, study, speech	catalog, prologue, dialogue, logogram (symbol representing a word), zoology
loqu, locut	talk, speak	eloquent, loquacious, colloquial, circumlocution
luc, lum, lus, lun	light	translucent, luminary, luster, luna (moon goddess)
macr-, macer	lean	emaciated, meager
magn	great	magnify, magnificent, magnanimous, magnate, magnitude, magnum
man	hand	manual, manage, manufacture, manacle, manicure, manifest, maneuver, emancipate
mand	command	mandatory, remand, mandate
mania	madness	mania, maniac, kleptomania, pyromania
mar, mari, mer	sea, pool	marine, marsh, maritime, mermaid
matri	mother	matrimony, maternal, matriarchate, matron
medi	half, middle, between, halfway	mediate, medieval, Mediterranean, mediocre, medium
mega	great	megaphone, megalopolis, megacycle (a million cycles), megaton
mem	remember	memo, commemoration, memento, memoir, memorable
meter	measure	meter, voltammeter, barometer, thermometer
micro	small	microscope, microfilm, microcard, microwave, micrometer
migra	wander	migrate, emigrant, immigrate
mit, miss	send	emit, remit, submit, admit, commit, permit, transmit, omit, intermittent, mission, missile
mob, mot, mov	move	mobile, motionless, motor
mon	warn, remind	monument, admonition, monitor, premonition
mor, mort	mortal, death	mortal, immortal, mortality, mortician, mortuary
morph	form	amorphous, dimorphic, metamorphosis, morphology
multi	many, much	multifold, multilingual, multiped, multiply
nat, nasc	to be from, to spring forth	innate, natal, native, renaissance
neo	new	Neolithic, nuveau riche, neologism, neophyte, neonate
neur	nerve	neuritis, neuropathic, neurologist, neural, neurotic
nom	law, order	autonomy, astronomy, gastronomy, economy
nomen, nomin	name	nomenclature, nominate, ignominious
nov	new	novel, renovate, novice, nova, innovate
nox, noc	night	nocturnal, equinox, noctilucent
numer	number	numeral, numeration, enumerate, innumerable
numisma	coin	numismatics
oligo	few, little	Oligocene, oligosaccharide, oligotrophic, oligarchy
omni	all, every	omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, omnivorous
onym	name	anonymous, pseudonym, antonym, synonym
oper	work	operate, cooperate, opus
ortho	straight, correct	orthodox, orthodontist, orthopedic, unorthodox
pac	peace	pacifist, pacify, pacific ocean
paleo	old	Paleozoic, Paleolithic, paleomagnetism, paleopsychology
pan	all	Pan-American, pan-African, panacea, pandemonium (place of all the demons),
pater, patr	father	paternity, patriarch, patriot, patron, patronize
path, pathy	feeling, suffering	pathos, sympathy, antipathy, apathy, telepathy
ped, pod	foot	pedal, impede (get feet in a trap), pedestrian, centipede, tripod, podiatry, antipode
pedo	child	orthopedic, pedagogue, pediatrics
pel, puls	drive, urge	compel, dispel, expel, repel, propel, pulse, impulse, pulsate, compulsory, expulsion, repulsive
pend, pens, pond	hang, weigh	pendant, pendulum, suspend, appendage, pensive
phage	eat	macrophage, bacteriophage
phil	love	philosophy, philanthropy, philharmonic, bibliophile
phlegma	inflammation	phlegm, phlegmatic
phobia, phobos	fear	phobia, claustrophobia, acrophobia, aquaphobia, ergophobia, homophobia
phon	sound	phonograph, phonetic, symphony, homophone, euphonious
photo	light	photograph, photoelectric, photogenic, photosynthesis
plac, plais	please	placid, placebo, placate, complacent
plu, plur, plus	more	plural, pluralist, plus
pneuma, pneumon	breath	pneumatic, pneumonia,
pod (see ped)
poli	city	metropolis, police, politics, Indianapolis, megalopolis, acropolis
poly	many	polysaccharide, polyandrous, polytheistic
pon, pos, pound	place, put	postpone, component, opponent, proponent, expose, impose, deposit, posture, position, expound, impound
pop	people	population, populous, popular
port	carry	porter, portable, transport, report, export, import, support, transportation
portion	part, share	portion, proportion
pot	power	potential, potentate, impotent
prehendere	seize, grasp	apprehend, comprehend, comprehensive, prehensile
prim, prime	first	primacy, prima donna, primitive, primary, primal, primeval
proto	first	prototype, protocol, protagonist, protozoan, Proterozoic, protoindustrial
psych	mind, soul	psyche, psychiatry, psychology, psychosis
punct	point, dot	punctual, punctuation, puncture, acupuncture, punctuation
reg, recti	straighten	regiment, regular, rectify, correct, direct, rectangle
ri, ridi, risi	laughter	deride, ridicule, ridiculous, derision, risible
rog, roga	ask	prerogative, interrogation, derogatory
rupt	break	rupture, interrupt, abrupt, disrupt, ruptible
sacr, sanc, secr	sacred	sacred, sacrosanct, sanction, consecrate, desecrate
salv, salu	safe, healthy	salvation, salvage, salutation
sat, satis	enough	satient (giving pleasure, satisfying), saturate, satisfy
sci, scientia	know	science, conscious, omniscient, cognocienti
scope	see, watch	telescope, microscope, kaleidoscope, periscope, stethoscope
scrib, script	write	scribe, scribble, inscribe, describe, subscribe, prescribe, manuscript
sed, sess, sid	sit	sediment, session, obsession, possess, preside, president, reside, subside
sen	old	senior, senator, senile
senescere	to grow old	senescence, evanescent
sent, sens	feel	sentiment, consent, resent, dissent, sentimental, sense, sensation, sensitive, sensory, dissension
sequ, secu, sue	follow	sequence, consequence, sequel, subsequent, prosecute, consecutive, second, ensue, pursue
serv	save, serve	servant, service, subservient, servitude, preserve, conserve, reservation, deserve, conservation, observe
sign, signi	sign, mark, seal	signal, signature, design, insignia, significant
simil, simul	like, resembling	similar, assimilate, simulate, simulacrum, simultaneous
sist, sta, stit	stand	assist, persist, circumstance, stamina, status, state, static, stable, stationary, substitute
solus	alone	solo, soliloquy, solitaire, solitude
solv, solu	loosen	solvent, solve, absolve, resolve, soluble, solution, resolution, resolute, dissolute
somnus	sleep	insomnia, somnambulist
soph	wise	sophomore (wise fool), philosophy, sophisticated
spec, spect, spic	look	specimen, specific, spectator, spectacle, aspect, speculate, inspect, respect, prospect, retrospective, introspective, expect, conspicuous
sphere	ball, sphere	sphere, stratosphere, hemisphere, spheroid
spir	breath	spirit, conspire, inspire, aspire, expire, perspire, respiration
string, strict	draw tight	stringent, strict, restrict, constrict, boa constrictor
stru, struct	build	construe (build in the mind, interpret), structure, construct, instruct, obstruct, destruction, destroy
sume, sump	take, use, waste	consume, assume (to take, to use), sump pump presumption (to take or use before knowing all the facts
tact, tang, tag, tig, ting	touch	tactile, contact, intact, intangible, tangible, contagious, contiguous
tele	far	telephone, telegraph, telegram, telescope, television, telephoto, telecast, telepathy
tempo	time	tempo, temporary, extemporaneously, contemporary, pro tem, temporal
ten, tin, tain	hold	tenacious, tenant, tenure, untenable, detention, retentive, content, pertinent, continent, obstinate, contain, abstain, pertain, detain
tend, tent, tens	stretch, strain	tendency, extend, intend, contend, pretend, superintend, tender, extent, tension, pretense
terra	earth	terrain, terrarium, territory, terrestrial
test	to bear witness	testament, detest, testimony, attest
the, theo	God, a god	monotheism, polytheism, atheism, theology
therm	heat	thermometer, theorem, thermal, thermos bottle, thermostat, hypothermia
thesis, thet	place, put	antithesis, hypothesis, synthesis, epithet
tom	cut	atom (not cuttable), appendectomy, tonsillectomy, dichotomy, anatomy
tort, tors	twist	torture (twisting to inflict pain) retort, extort, distort, contort, torsion, tortuous, torturous
tox	poison	toxic, intoxicate, antitoxin
tract, tra	draw, pull	tractor, attract, subtract, tractable, abstract, subtrahend
tom	cut	atom (not cutable, smallest particle of matter), appendectomy, tonsillectomy, dichotomy, anatomy
tort, tors	twist	torture (twisting to inflict pain), retort, extort (twist out), distort, contort, torsion
tox	poison	toxic, intoxicate, antitoxin
tract, tra	draw, pull	tractor, attract, traction, subtract, tractable, abstract (to draw away), subtrahend (the number to be drawn away from another).
trib	pay, bestow	tribute, contribute, attribute, retribution, tributary
turbo	disturb	turbulent, disturb, turbid, turmoil
typ	print	type, prototype, typical, typography, typewriter, typology, typify
ultima	last	ultimate, ultimatum
umber, umbraticum	shadow	umbra, penumbra, (take) umbrage, adumbrate
uni	one	unicorn, unify, university, unanimous, universal
vac	empty	vacate, vacuum, evacuate, vacation, vacant, vacuous
vale, vali, valu	strength, worth	equivalent, valiant, validity, evaluate, value, valor
ven, vent	come	convene, intervene, venue, convenient, avenue, circumvent, invent, convent, venture, event, advent, prevent
ver, veri	true	very, aver, verdict, verity, verify, verisimilitude
vert, vers	turn	avert, divert, invert, introvert, convertible, reverse, controversy, versatile
vic, vicis	change, substitute	vicarious, vicar, vicissitude
vict, vinc	conquer	victor, evict, convict, convince, invincible
vid, vis	see	video, evident, provide, providence, visible, revise, supervise, vista, visit, vision
viv, vita, vivi	alive, life	revive, survive, vivid, vivacious, vitality, vivisection
voc	call	vocation, avocation, convocation, invocation, evoke, provoke, revoke, advocate, provocative, vocal
vol	will	malevolent, benevolent, volunteer, volition
volcan	fire	volcano, vulcanize, Vulcan
volvo	turn about, roll	revolve, voluble (easily turned about or around or talkative), voluminous, convolution
vor	eat greedily	voracious, carnivorous, herbivorous, omnivorous, devour
zo	animal	zoo (short for zoological garden), zoology, zoomorphism (attributing animal form to god), zodiac (circle of animal constellations), protozoan