2013年10月26日 星期六

Guide to Grammar and Writing 文法與寫作指南

文法與寫作指南
 Guide to Grammar and Writing
http://www.cybertranslator.idv.tw/grammar/grammar.htm
網路翻譯家秉持一貫服務網友的理念和精神,再度出擊,推出「文法與寫作指南」。我們將盡量以有別於坊間文法書籍和著作的題材,敘述方式和觀念來引導網友進入嶄新的文法與寫作學習領域,進而掌握文法的精髓、駕馭文法的應用,同時學習與文法有關的英文。然而,無可避免的,我們仍會談到行之有年的文法,而且篇幅還不少,畢竟他們是英文文法與寫作的基礎。相關的練習題或測驗題待資料整理完畢之後也會陸續地放到本網站以服務網友。最後,我們希望網友能提供新的資料以豐富本網站,並隨時批評指正。

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Definitions of Basic Sentence Parts (句子基本構件的定義)


 






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Verbs and Verbals (動詞與動狀詞)







 

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Clauses (子句)

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The Garden of Phrases (片語花園)

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Run-on Sentences (逗點謬誤的句子)

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Sentence Fragments (不完整的句子)

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Rules for Comma Usage (逗點的使用規則)

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Punctuation Marks Besides the Comma (其他標點符號)

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Noun Forms: Plurals and Possessives (名詞型態 : 複數與所有格)

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Plague Words and Phrases (避免使用的字和片語)

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Writing Concise Sentences (寫出簡明的句子)

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Modifier Placement (修飾語的位置)

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Subject-Verb Agreement (主詞動詞一致性)

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Compound Nouns and Modifiers (複合名詞與修飾語)

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Parallel Structures (平行結構)

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Capitalization (大寫)

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Abbreviations (縮寫)

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Using Numbers (數目的寫法)

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Using Italics and Underlining (斜體字與加底線)

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Confusion: Its Sources and Remedies (混淆之源與修正之道)

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Avoiding Primer Language (避免小學生式的造詞造句)

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Consistency of Tense and Pronoun Reference (時態及代名詞參照的一貫性)

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Sentence-Combining Skills (句子結合的技巧)

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How to Read Long Sentences (如何閱讀長句)

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Double Negative Sentences (雙重否定句型)

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How to Distinguish Between -ed As a Complement and a Passive (-ed分詞補語結構和被動語態的區別)

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Syntax of News English (新聞英語的語法結構)

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How to Translate Emphatic Sentences (如何翻譯強調句)

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Translation of English Prepositions (英語介系詞的翻譯)

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Translation Methods of Passive Voice (被動語態的譯法)

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English Translation of Business Contracts (商業合約的英譯)

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Intensifier-and-Verb Collocations Make up Emphatic Expressions (副詞加強語和動詞搭配所構成的強調詞)

英文文法基礎

英文文法基礎
每種語文都包括兩種成分:一、單詞;二、文法。單詞是語文運用的最小單位;文法是人們在語文實踐中歸結出來的用詞造句規則。英文亦不例外,既有單詞,亦有文法。
通常,對於不是以英文為母語或不是生活於以英文作為主要溝通語文環境裏的人,學習英文時,能夠刻意學習英文文法,實有助於減少語文實踐時的盲目性。本課程以循序漸進的方式介紹英文文法的基礎部分,希望對想學習英文文法的人,能夠有一些幫助。
必須一提的是:這套課程基本上是我於二十多年前,從專門研究英文文法的關其昌先生那裡學得的,現根據我當時所記的筆記,加以整理並略加修改而成。不過,這裡所整理的,只是關先生對英文文法知識的解說部分,至於關先生所用的特別教學法──圖解分析,就難以在此整理。關先生當年已大約是七、八十歲的老人,現在已不知他的下落了。若沒有關先生當年的教授,則不會有這套課程。我在此謹向關先生遙遙致謝。

雲水
若有錯漏,請來函賜教。郵址:cloudwater_ngtungying@hotmail.com

 
Contents

Lesson  1     Individual Noun, Article & Proper Noun
Lesson  2     Adjective of Quality    
Lesson  3     Number of Noun   
Lesson  4     Sentence : Subject & Predicate
Lesson  5     Compound Subject & Compound Predicate
Lesson  6     Transitive & Intransitive Verb  
Lesson  7     Auxiliary Verb
Lesson  8     Personal Pronoun   
Lesson  9     Incomplete Intransitive Verb & Subjective Complement
Lesson  10    Incomplete Transitive Verb & Objective Complement 
Lesson  11    Preposition   
Lesson  12    Demonstrative Adjective & Pronoun
Lesson  13    Possessive Adjective & Pronoun   
Lesson  14    Proper Adjective
Lesson  15    Possessive Noun  
Lesson  16    Adverb  
Lesson  17    Material & Abstract Noun   
Lesson  18    Numeral & Quantitative Adjective 
Lesson  19    The Difference between "Have" & "There is"   
Lesson  20    Interrogative Pronoun & Adjective 
Lesson  21    Simple Present & Simple Past Tense  
Lesson  22    Present Perfect Tense 
Lesson  23    Direct & Indirect Object   
Lesson  24    Emphatic & Reflexive Pronoun
Lesson  25    Gender   
Lesson  26    Simple Future Tense 
Lesson  27    Indefinite Pronoun
Lesson  28    Indefinite Adjective
Lesson  29    Clause   
Lesson  30    Noun Clause  
Lesson  31    Adjective Clause
Lesson  32    Past Perfect Tense  
Lesson  33    Future Perfect Tense
Lesson  34    Continuous Tense   
Lesson  35    Passive Voice
Lesson  36    Adverb Clause
Lesson  37    Comparison of Adjective
Lesson  38    Comparison of Adverb
Lesson  39    Infinitive
Lesson  40    Some Uses of Infinitive
Lesson  41    Verbal Noun
Lesson  42    Gerund
Lesson  43    Verbal Adjective
Lesson  44    Participle
Lesson  45    Conjunction
Lesson  46    Imperative Mood
Lesson  47    Some Uses of "It"
Lesson  48    Cognate Object
Lesson  49    Appositive
Lesson  50    Direct & Indirect Speech

Learning English Online

Learning English Online

Main Directories
Grammar Explanations
Adjectives/Adverbs
Articles
Conditional sentences - if
Gerund and Infinitive
Modal Auxiliaries
Nouns
Participles
Passive Voice
Phrasal Verbs
Prepositions
Pronouns
Quantifiers
Questions
Reported Speech
Sentences
Tenses
Various
Verbs

Grammar Exercises
Adjectives/Adverbs
Articles
Conditional sentences - if
Gerund and Infinitive
Modal Auxiliaries
Nouns
Participles
Passive Voice
Phrasal Verbs
Prepositions
Pronouns
Quantifiers
Questions
Reported Speech
Sentences
Tenses
Various
Verbs
Vocabulary Explanations
Commercial English
Common Errors
Confusing Words
Customs and Traditions
English Around the World
Idioms/Informal English
Opposites
Quotes
Sentences
Speeches/Texts
Synonyms
Talks - Examples
Talks - How to prepare
Techniques
Various
Vocabulary Lists
 
Vocabulary Exercises
Confusing Words
Crosswords
Fill-in Exercises
Hangman
Listening Comprehension
Matching
Multiple Choice
Opposites, Synonyms
Paraphrasing
Pictures
Pronunciation
Quiz
Reading Comprehension
Spelling
Word Formation

Exercises - Levels
1 year of English
2 years of English
3 years of English
4 years of English
5 years of English
6 years of English
*****************************************************************

English Grammar Explanations

Adjective/Adverb
Comparison of adjectives
Sentences with comparisons
The adverbs
The comparison of adverbs
Position of adverbs in sentences
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs and adjectives have the same form
Adverbs - the basis is not the adjective
Adverbs with two forms
Articles
The articles "a" and "the"
The articles "a" and "the"
Conditional sentences (if-clauses and main clauses)
Conditional sentences - Type I
Conditional sentences - Type II
Conditional sentences - Type III
Mixed Conditionals
Replacing if - Omitting if - if vs. when - in case vs. if
Summary
when or if
will and would in if-clauses
Gerund
Gerund - Use, Form
Gerund after adjectives and prepositions
Gerund after nouns and prepositions
Gerund after verbs and prepositions
Gerund after special verbs
Gerund after special phrases
Gerund after prepositions
Gerund and Infinitive
Gerund and Infinitive - no difference in meaning
Gerund and Infinitive - difference in meaning
Infinitive
Infinitive with to
Infinitive without to
Modals, Modal Auxiliaries
do/does in questions
have or have got
Modal auxiliaries can, must
Long- and short forms
Modals
The verb be - auxiliary and main verb
The verb do - auxiliary and main verb
The verb have - auxiliary and main verb
to be able to - can
What are modal auxiliaries?
Nouns
Countables and uncountables
Plural
's
Participles
Summary
Participles - Form
Passive Voice
Active and passive forms in the most common tenses
How to form the passive
Important forms
Phrasal verbs, Prepositional verbs
List with sentences A-H
List with sentences I-R
List with sentences S-Z
Prepositions
Prepositions of time
Prepositions of place and direction (in, at, on)
Prepositions of place and direction
Pronouns
Personal pronouns, Possessive determiners, Possessive pronouns
Relative pronouns
self/each other (Reflexive pronouns)
Punctuation
Comma
Quantifiers
much/many - a little/a few
some/any
something/anything and other compounds
Questions
How to form a question - Summary
Question words
Question tags
Questions without question words and the verb be
Questions with question words and the verb be
Questions with the word have
Questions in the Past Progressive
Questions in the Present Progressive
Questions in the Simple Present
Questions in the Simple Past
Questions with who and what
Reported Speech
Commands
Statements
Questions
Sentences
Contact clauses
Position of adverbs of frequency
Position of time in statements
Relative clauses
that and which in restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses
Verbs with two objects
Word order - statements
Word order - questions
Tenses (short explanations)
Conditional Simple
Conditional Progressive
Conditional Perfect
Conditional Perfect Progressive
Past Perfect Progressive (Continuous)
Future Progressive (Continuous)
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Progressive (Continuous)
Tenses (detailed explanations)
Past Perfect
Past Perfect - Diagram
Past Perfect - Form of affirmative, negative sentences, questions
Past Perfect - Short and long forms
Past Perfect - Signal words
Past Perfect - Spelling
Past Perfect - Special verbs
Past Perfect - Summary
Past Perfect - Use

Past Progressive/Past Continuous
Past Progressive/Continuous - Diagram
Past Progressive/Continuous - Form of affirmative, negative sentences, questions
Past Progressive/Continuous - Short and long forms
Past Progressive/Continuous - Signal words
Past Progressive/Continuous - Spelling
Past Progressive/Continuous - Special verbs
Past Progressive/Continuous - Summary
Past Progressive/Continuous - Use

Present Perfect
Present Perfect - Diagram
Present Perfect - Form of affirmative, negative sentences, questions
Present Perfect - Short and long forms
Present Perfect - Signal words
Present Perfect - Spelling
Present Perfect - Special verbs
Present Perfect - Summary
Present Perfect - Use

Present Perfect Progressive/Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Progressive - Diagram
Present Perfect Progressive - Form of affirmative, negative sentences, questions
Present Perfect Progressive - Short and long forms
Present Perfect Progressive - Signal words
Present Perfect Progressive - Spelling
Present Perfect Progressive - Special verbs
Present Perfect Progressive - Summary
Present Perfect Progressive - Use

Present Progressive/Present Continuous
Present Progressive/Continuous - Diagram
Present Progressive/Continuous - Form of affirmative, negative sentences, questions
Present Progressive/Continuous - Short and long forms
Present Progressive/Continuous - Signal words
Present Progressive/Continuous - Special verbs
Present Progressive/Continuous - Spelling
Present Progressive/Continuous - Summary
Present Progressive/Continuous - Use

Simple Past
Simple Past - Diagram
Simple Past - Form of affirmative, negative sentences, questions
Simple Past - Signal words
Simple Past - Irregular verbs/Special verbs
Simple Past - Spelling
Simple Past - Summary
Simple Past - Use

Simple Present
Simple Present - Diagram
Simple Present - Form of affirmative, negative sentences and questions
Simple Present - Short and long forms (Contracted forms)
Simple Present - Signal words
Simple Present - Special verbs
Simple Present - Spelling
Simple Present - Summary
Simple Present - Use

going to-future
going to-future - Diagram
going to-future - Form of affirmative, negative sentences and questions
going to-future - Short and long forms (Contracted forms)
going to-future - Signal words
going to-future - Summary
going to-future - Use

will-future
will-future - Diagram
will-future - Form of affirmative, negative sentences and questions
will-future - Short and long forms (Contracted forms)
will-future - Signal words
will-future - Summary
will-future - Use
Tenses - Comparison
Future tenses
Past Perfect - Simple Past
Present Perfect - Simple Past
Simple Present - Present Progressive/Continuous
Various
Date, Months, Days of the week
Different terms for the English tenses
English tenses (diagram)
English tenses (table)
English tenses - The verb be - Long and short forms
How a sentence can change its meaning.
How to put in tenses correctly.
Irregular verbs (table)
Long- and short forms (Contracted forms)
Most common English tenses (table)
Numbers
one/ones
's
's or of-phrase
The verb be - auxiliary and main verb
The verb do - auxiliary and main verb
The verb have - auxiliary and main verb
this, that - these, those
What are signal words?
Verbs
Imperative
Irregular verbs
Irregular verbs (most common)
Learn irregular verbs effectively
State verbs, dynamic verbs
Verbs with two objects

English Grammar Exercises

Adjectives
Adjective or adverb - Exercise 1
Adjective or adverb - Exercise 2
Adjectives - comparison - Exercise 1
Adjectives - comparison - Exercise 2
Adjectives - comparison - Exercise 3
Comparison of adjectives in sentences - Exercise 1
Comparison of adjectives in sentences - Exercise 2
Comparison of adjectives with as ... as
Adjectives - randomly selected
Adjectives - Test 1
Adjectives - Test 2
Adjectives - Test 3
Adverbs
Adverbs - comparison
Form of adverbs
Position of adverbs
Position of adverbs of frequency - Exercise 1
Position of adverbs of frequency - Exercise 2
Articles
The definite article - the - Exercise 1
The definite article - the - Exercise 2
The definite article - the - Exercise 3
The indefinite article - a/an - Exercise 1
The indefinite article - a/an - Exercise 2
The indefinite article - a/an
Conditional sentences (if-clauses and main clauses)
Complex Test - Conditional sentences (if)
Conditional sentences I, statements
Conditional sentences II, statements
Conditional sentences III, statements
Conditional sentences I - II, statements
Conditional sentences I - III, statements
Conditional sentences, negations - type I
Conditional sentences, negations - type II
Conditional sentences, negations - type III
Conditional sentences, negations - type I - II
Conditional sentences, negations - type I - III
Conditional sentences - type I, simple sentences
Conditional sentences - type I, special forms
Conditional sentences - type II, simple sentences
Conditional sentences - type II, special forms
Conditional sentences - type III, simple sentences
Conditional sentences - type III, special forms
Conditional sentences I - II

Conditional sentences I - III, Multiple choice - Exercise 1
Conditional sentences I - III, Multiple choice - Exercise 2
Conditional sentences I - III, Multiple choice, special forms
Conditional sentences Mix I, Exercise 1
Conditional sentences Mix I, Exercise 2
Conditional sentences Mix II, Exercise 1
Conditional sentences Mix II, Exercise 2
Conditional sentences Mix III, Exercise 1
Conditional sentences Mix III, Exercise 2
Find the correct conditions - Exercise 1
Find the correct conditions - Exercise 2
if-clauses - main clauses - Matching Exercise
Date
How to write the date
How to spell the date
Error text
Error text - letter
Gerund or infinitive
Gerund and prepositions
Gerund or infinitive - Exercise 1
Gerund or infinitive - Exercise 2
Infinitive of verbs
Infinitive or gerund after verbs
Irregular verbs
Forms of irregular verbs - Exercise 1

Forms of irregular verbs - Exercise 2

Forms of irregular verbs - Exercise 3

Irregular verbs - Crossword 1
Irregular verbs - Crossword 2
Irregular verbs 1
Irregular verbs 2
Irregular verbs 3
Irregular verbs 4
Irregular verbs 5
Irregular verbs 6
Exercise Mix 1
Exercise Mix 2
Exercise Mix 3
Exercise Mix 4
Table - Fill-in Exercise
Irregular verbs - randomly selected
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3
Test 4
Test 5
Regular or irregular verbs
Regular or irregular verbs - Odd man out 1
Regular or irregular verbs - Odd man out 2
Regular verbs
Infinitive, Simple Past, Past Participle
Simple Present, Simple Past and Present Perfect
Modal auxiliaries
can and to be able to
Questions with do or does - Exercise 1
Questions with do or does - Exercise 2
's - is or has
The verb be - Exercise 1
The verb be - Exercise 2
The verb be - Exercise 3
The verb do - Exercise 1
The verb do - Exercise 2
The verb do - Exercise 3
The verb have - Exercise 1
The verb have - Exercise 2
was or were
was not or were not
Nouns, plural
Plural
Plural - Spelling
Plural - Irregular forms
Plural - mixed
Plural
Singular or plural?
Nouns - Uncountables
Nouns, plural (words randomly selected)
Plural - Test 1
Plural - Test 2
Plural - Test 3
Numbers - Crossword puzzles
Numbers 1 - 12
Numbers 10 - 20
Numbers 10 - 90
Numbers mixed
Numbers - Fill-in Exercises
Find the numbers
Numbers 1 - 12
Numbers 1 - 20
Numbers 10 - 100
Numbers 0 - 1,000
Numbers - Matching
Cardinal and Ordinal numbers
Participles, Participle constructions
Participles - Phrases - Fill-in Exercise
Participle constructions in sentences
Past participle
Present participle
Passive Voice
Passive sentences
Passive - statements - Simple Past
Passive - statements - Simple Present
Passive - statements (more objects)
Passive - statements (various tenses)
Active or passive - Exercise 1
Active or passive - Exercise 2
Phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs - Fill-in Exercise
Prepositions
Gerund and prepositions
Prepositions of place, direction and time
Prepositions in idioms
Pronouns
Personal pronouns - Exercise 1 (substitution)
Personal pronouns - Exercise 2
Personal pronouns (object forms)
Possessive determiners
Reflexive pronouns
Reflexive pronoun - yes or no?
Relative pronouns - who, which, whose
Relative pronouns - who, which, whose or no pronouns?
self pronouns or each other - Exercise 1
self pronouns or each other - Exercise 2
self pronouns or each other - Exercise 3
Reported speech (Indirect speech)
Reported commands - affirmative sentences
Reported commands - negations
Reported speech - simple statements
Reported speech - statements with expressions of time
Reported questions
Reported questions with expressions of time
Quantifiers much, many, some, any
Compounds with some or any, something, anything
much or many - Exercise 1
much or many - Exercise 2
some or any - Exercise 1
some or any - Exercise 2
some or any - Exercise 3
Questions
Complex Test - Question tags
Fill in question words - Exercise 1
Fill in question words - Exercise 2
How to form questions (answer given) - Exercise 1
How to form questions (answer given) - Exercise 2
How to form questions (answer given) - Exercise 3
Mistakes in questions - Exercise 1
Mistakes in questions - Exercise 2
Questions in the Past Progressive - Exercise 1
Questions in the Past Progressive - Exercise 2
Questions in the Present Perfect
Questions in the Present Progressive - Exercise 1
Questions in the Present Progressive - Exercise 2
Questions in the Simple Past - Exercise 1
Questions in the Simple Past - Exercise 2
Questions in the Simple Present - Exercise 1
Questions in the Simple Present - Exercise 2
Questions with do or does - Exercise 1
Questions with do or does - Exercise 2
Question with question words - word order
Question tags - Exercise 1
Question tags - Exercise 2
Question tags - Exercise 3
Short answers - Exercise 1
Short answers - Exercise 2
Short answers - Exercise 3
Yes/No question - word order
s-genitive
Apostrohe 's
's or of-phrase
Sentences, word order
Complex Test - Word order
English tenses in affirmative sentences - Exercise 1
English tenses in affirmative sentences - Exercise 2
How to form questions (answer given) - Exercise 1
How to form questions (answer given) - Exercise 2
How to form questions (answer given) - Exercise 3
Question with question words - word order
Relative pronouns (who/which/whose)
Relative clauses, Relative pronouns
Short answers - Exercise 1
Short answers - Exercise 2
Short answers - Exercise 3
Word order - one sentence
Word order in statements
Word order in statements with expressions of place and time
Yes/No question - word order
Tenses - Fill-in Exercises - statements
Future Perfect
Future Progressive
going to-future
will-future


Present Perfect
Present Perfect Progressive


Present Progressive (simple verbs - long forms)
Present Progressive (special verbs - long forms)
Present Progressive (simple verbs - short forms)
Present Progressive (special verbs - short forms)


Simple Past (regular verbs)
Simple Past (all verbs)


Simple Present (simple verbs)
Simple Present (3rd person singular -s in sentences)
Tenses - Fill-in Exercises - negations
going to-future
will-future


Present Perfect
Present Perfect Progressive


Present Progressive (simple verbs - long forms)
Present Progressive (special verbs - long forms)
Present Progressive (simple verbs - short forms)
Present Progressive (special verbs - short forms)


Simple Past (verbs in bold)
Simple Past (verbs in bold - irregular)
Simple Past (all verbs)


Simple Present (do not/does not - long forms) - Exercise 1
Simple Present (do not/does not - long forms) - Exercise 2
Simple Present (don't/doesn't - short forms) - Exercise 1
Simple Present (don't/doesn't - short forms) - Exercise 2
Simple Present - Phrases - Exercise 1
Simple Present (don't or doesn't) - Exercise 2
Simple Present - Sentences (verbs in bold)
Simple Present - Sentences (verb phrases in bold)
Simple Present - Sentences
Tenses - Fill-in Exercises - questions
Question in the Past Progressive - Exercise 1
Question in the Past Progressive - Exercise 2
Questions in the Present Perfect
Question in the Present Progressive - Exercise 1
Question in the Present Progressive - Exercise 2
Question in the Simple Past - Exercise 1
Question in the Simple Past - Exercise 2
Question in the Simple Present - Exercise 1
Question in the Simple Present - Exercise 2
Tenses - Fill-in Exercises - sentences, negations and questions
going to-future - Exercise 1
going to-future - Exercise 2
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Progressive - Exercise 1
Present Perfect Progressive - Exercise 2
Present Progressive - Exercise 1
Present Progressive - Exercise 2
Simple Past - Exercise 1
Simple Past - Exercise 2
Simple Present - Exercise 1
Simple Present - Exercise 2
will-future
Tenses - contrasted
all future forms
Error text: Present - Past
Past Perfect - Simple Past
Simple Present - Present Progressive - Exercise 1
Simple Present - Present Progressive - Exercise 2
Simple Present - Present Progressive - Exercise 3
Simple Past or Present Perfect
Tenses mixed - Exercise 1
Tenses mixed - Exercise 2
will - going to-future
Tenses - Various
Actions - tenses
English tenses in affirmative sentences - Exercise 1
English tenses in affirmative sentences - Exercise 2
English tenses in negative sentences - Exercise 1
English tenses in negative sentences - Exercise 2
English tenses in questions - Exercise 1
English tenses in questions - Exercise 2
Find the tense (verbs in bold)
Find the tense
Find the tense - statements
Find the tense - questions
Negation of questions
Negation of sentences
Present Progressive (am, are is)
Present Progressive (am, are is and verbs)
Pronunciation of the ending -ed
Questions with do or does - Exercise 1
Questions with do or does - Exercise 2
since or for - Exercise 1
since or for - Exercise 2
Signal words - tenses
Signal words in the Present Progressive
Signal words in the Simple Past
Signal words in the Simple Present
Simple Past - ending -ed - Exercise 1
Simple Past - ending -ed - Exercise 2
Simple Past - ending -ed - pronunciation
Simple Present - 3rd person singular
Simple Present - 3rd person singular
The verb be - Exercise 1
The verb be - Exercise 2
The verb be - Exercise 3
The verb do - Exercise 1
The verb do - Exercise 2
The verb do - Exercise 3
The verb have - Exercise 1
The verb have - Exercise 2
was or were
was not or were not
The time
What's the time? - analogue clock
What's the time? - digital clock

English Vocabulary - Index

Business English - Commercial English
Abbreviations in Business English
Example of a formal letter
Hotel - Booking a room
Hotel - Confirming a reservation
Hotel - Refusing a reservation
Useful phrases - appointments
Useful phrases - costs
Useful phrases - delivery
Useful phrases - faults, complaints
Useful phrases - information
Useful phrases - orders
Vocabulary (A-M)
Vocabulary (N-Z)
Common errors
become, get, go, turn
food, eat
give
Confusing words
because, as, since, for
big, great, high, large or tall
borrow or lend
bring or take
disability, handicap or impairment
do, go or play
hear or listen
it's or its
life, lives or live
look, see or watch
make or do
's - is or has
say or tell
see, visit, attend or go to
there, their or they're
to, too or two
when or if
which or what
you're or your
Costums and traditions
Halloween - Text
Halloween - Vocabulary
Customs and traditions United Kingdom
British kings and queens
Christmas in Britain
Christmas or XMAS
Easter in Britain
English - a world language
English counties/shires
Flags in the UK
Football or Soccer?
Football/Soccer - The field (pitch)
Football/Soccer - The team
Football/Soccer - word list
Football Champions in Europe
History of the flag of the UK
How the Sandwich got its name
Magna Carta
Tea in Britain
The flag of the UK
The Tube - The London Underground
Union Jack or Union Flag?
Why do the British drive on the left?
Why do the English drink milk with their tea?
Customs and traditions United States of America
American Presidents
Crazy Horse Memorial
Declaration of Independence USA
Driving a car in the USA
Death penalty in the USA
Elections in the USA - Questions and answers
Inaugural addresses
National anthem of the USA
Oath of Office
Space Shuttle History
Stars and Stripes - Flag of the USA
States of the USA - by entry into the Union and Representatives
States of the USA - capitals, population, nickname
Thirteen Colonies
Time zones in den USA
World Trade Center
Customs and traditions - National Parks/State Historic Parks USA/National Memorials
National Parks (History)
Bodie - Ghost town in California
Mount Rushmore
Customs and traditions Australia/New Zealand
Australian territories
Flag of Australia
New Zealand - Regions
Flag of New Zealand
Customs and traditions Canada
Canada - Provinces and territories
Customs and tradition - Various
Countries of the world - Africa
Countries of the world - Asia
Countries of the world - Europe
Countries of the world - North and Central America
Countries of the world - South America
English around the world
British - American English - Spelling rules
Australian English - British English
British English - Australian English
English - a world language
German loanwords in English
English - British - American English
A - E
F - J
K - O
P - T
U - Z
Idioms, Informal English
List of idioms and informal English A - M
List of idioms and informal English N - Z
Phrases with as ... as ...
Proverbs
Opposites - list in alphabetical order
A - F
G - L
M - R
S - Z
Sentences
Asking the way
At a hotel
Freetime/hobbies
How to write a short essay (Examination in Germany)
Letter about school and job
Meeting people
On the phone
Restaurant (waiter - guest)
Useful sentences for role-plays
At a hotel
At a souvenir shop
At a supermarket
At the cinema
In Dresden
School
Talk to an English speaking guest
Travel
Talks
California
Hans and Sophie Scholl
London
Utah (Salt Lake City)  
Techniques in the classroom
Analysing texts
Conversation
Complex sentences (Conjunctions)
False friends
Feelings
Nursery Rhymes
Parts of Speech
Phrases in class
Summary Writing - Tips
True friends - part 1
True friends - part 2
Writing letters
Working with texts
Texts/Speeches
Declaration of Independence USA
Inaugural addresses
Magna Carta
National anthem of the USA - Star Spangled Banner
Various
Abbreviations
Australian territories
Cantons of Switzerland
Conversion of measures
Countries of the world - Africa
Countries of the world - Asia
Countries of the world - Australia, Pacific islands
Countries of the world - Europe
Countries of the world - North and Central America
Countries of the world - South America
English counties/shires
English poems
Federal states of Austria
Federal states of Germany
How to write numbers in words
Measures and weights (UK/USA)
Numbers (ordinal / cardinal)
Phrasal verbs
Signs of the zodiac
SMS English
The clock
The date
Vocabulary - English
Animality
Animals A-L; M-Z (photos)
Asking the way (pictures)
Car (pictures)
Colours (pictures)
Environment A-L; M-Z
Family, Relatives
Flowers in spring (photos)
Football/Soccer
Fruit (pictures)
Halloween
Jobs
Kitchen (pictures)
Mathematics (pictures)
Menu
Proverbs
Signs of the zodiac
Sport
Sport (kind of sports)
Sports A-K, L-Z (pictures)
Types of texts: Fictional; Non-fictional
Vegetables (pictures)
Work and employment
Working with texts (useful phrases) A - L; M - Z
Working with texts (texts/authors) A - H; I - R; S - Z
Working with texts
Types of texts: Fictional; Non-fictional
Vocabulary (useful phrases) A - L; M - Z
Vocabulary (texts/authors) A - H; I - R; S - Z

Vocabulary Exercises English

British - American English
American English - Exercise 1
American English - Exercise 2
British English - Exercise 1
British English - Exercise 2
British - American English - Exercise 1
British - American English - Exercise 2
British - American English - Exercise 3
British - American English
Cloze Exercises
Christmas in Britain/USA
My family (Reading text)
Navajo Indians
Robin Hood
Sting
Confusing words
big, great, high, large or tall
borrow or lend
bring or take
country or land
do, go or play
hear or listen
life, live or lives
life, live, lives or lived
look, watch or see
make or do - Exercise 1
make or do - Exercise 2
much or many - Exercise 1
much or many - Exercise 2
's - is or has
say or tell
since or for - Exercise 1
since or for - Exercise 2
some or any


there, their or they're - Exercise 1
there, their or they're - Exercise 2
your or you're
Crossword puzzles
Countries
Festivals in the UK
Numbers 1 - 12
Numbers 10 - 20
Numbers 10 - 90
Numbers mixed
Periodic table - Puzzle 1
Periodic table - Puzzle 2
Signs of the zodiac
Guess the verbs - Puzzle 1
Guess the verbs - Puzzle 2
Guess the verbs - Puzzle 3
Find the pairs
At the sea
Ball games
Christmas
Food
In the garden
In the house
In the kitchen
In the office
In the zoo 1
In the zoo 2
In the zoo 3
Jobs
Movements (verbs)
Musical instruments
Parts of the car
Parts of the computer
Sports 1
Sports 2
Things in the household
Tools
Find the words
Find the words - Family 1
Find the words - Family 2
Find the words - Family 3
Hangman, Puzzles
Animals
Canada (Provinces and territories)
Castle
Classroom
Clothes
Colours
Countries and capitals
Days of the week
Drinks
English counties/shires
English kings and queens
Environment
European capitals
European countries
Farm
Feelings
Food
Fruit
Geometry
Halloween
Holidays
Instruments
Kitchen
Months
Music
Numbers 1 - 20
Parts of the body - Puzzle 1
Parts of the body - Puzzle 2
Pets
Politics
Presidents of the USA
Rooms
School subjects
Sports - Puzzle 1
Sports - Puzzle 2
States of the USA
State capitals of the USA
Telephone
Television
Tools
Vegetables
Word in language teaching
Listening Comprehension
At the cinema
At the lost property office
Sting
Matching
Animal sounds
Compounds - Exercise 1
Compounds - Exercise 2
Geography Great Britain, UK - Exercise 3
Headwords
Names of sights in London

Parts and their objects
Parts of Speech
Phrases with as ... as ... 1
Phrases with as ... as ... 2
Phrases with as ... as ... 3
Proverbs - Exercise 1
Proverbs - Exercise 2
Proverbs - Exercise 3
Proverbs - Exercise 4
Proverbs - Exercise 5
Proverbs - Exercise 6
Road signs in Britain
Sights in London
Signs of the zodiac
Sports - Exercise 1
Sports - Exercise 2
Sports - Exercise 3
Sports - Exercise 4
State Capitals of the USA - Exercise 1
State Capitals of the USA - Exercise 2
States of the USA - Nicknames 1
States of the USA - Nicknames 2
States of the USA - Nicknames 3
States of the USA - Shapes 1
States of the USA - Shapes 2
Talk at the table
Verbs and nouns - Exercise 1
Verbs and nouns - Exercise 2
Where do animals and people live?
Where does the boss work?
Multiple choice
American English - Exercise 1
American English - Exercise 2
Bodie - Ghost town in California
British English - Exercise 1
British English - Exercise 2
British - American English - Exercise 1
British - American English - Exercise 2
British - American English - Exercise 3
Flags and capitals in the world
Flags in Africa - Exercise 1
Flags in Africa - Exercise 2
Flags in Africa - Exercise 3
Flags in Africa - Exercise 4
Flags in Africa - Exercise 5
Flags in Asia - Exercise 1
Flags in Asia - Exercise 2
Flags in Asia - Exercise 3
Flags in Asia - Exercise 4
Flags in Australia, Pacific islands
Flags in Europe - Exercise 1
Flags in Europe - Exercise 2
Flags in Europe - Exercise 3
Flags in Europe - Exercise 4
Flags in North and Central America - Exercise 1
Flags in North and Central America - Exercise 2
Flags in South America
Geography Great Britain, UK - Exercise 1
Geography Great Britain, UK - Exercise 2
Geography USA - Exercise 1
Geography USA - Exercise 2
Geography USA - Exercise 3
Halloween
History of the UK
London
Opposites - Exercise 1
Opposites - Exercise 2
Opposites - Exercise 3
Parts of the United Kingdom
Phrases in conversations
Presidents of the USA
Signs in Britain
The USA - yesterday and today
Trivia Quiz
World Trade Center
Opposites
Opposites - Exercise 1
Opposites - Exercise 2
Opposites - Exercise 3
Opposites - randomly selected
Opposites - Test 1
Opposites - Test 2
Opposites - Test 3
Paraphrasing
Environment
Family
School
Soccer/Football
Things in the kitchen
Learning with Pictures
Animals - Exercise 1
Animals - Exercise 2
Bicycle
Car
Colours
Face
Fruit
Means of transport
Road signs in Britain
Sights in London
Signs in Britain
Spring flowers
Things in the classroom
Vegetables
Pronunciation
Ending -ed
How to pronounce the -o-
Letter -a-
Letter g-
Letter -o-
r- silent or not (British English)
s- sounds
Silent consonants - Exercise 1
Silent consonants - Exercise 2
Silent consonants - Exercise 3

Silent consonants - Exercise 4

th
u- short or long
Reading Comprehension
Bodie - Ghost town in California
George Takei
Hard Rock Café
Steven Spielberg
Yosemite National Park
Quiz - English speaking countries
Australia, New Zealand - Facts and figures
UK - Facts and figures
UK, USA, Australia, Canada - Facts and figures
USA - Facts and figures
Quiz - Various
Literature Quiz
Music Quiz
Science Quiz 1
Science Quiz 2
Scrambled letters
Christmas
Clothes
Family - Exercise 1
Family - Exercise 2
Food and drinks - Exercise 1
Food and drinks - Exercise 2
Food and drinks - Exercise 3
Food and drinks - Exercise 4
Mathematics
Weather - Exercise 1
Weather - Exercise 2
Spelling (Misspelled words in English)
Spelling - Fill-in Exercise 1
Spelling - Fill-in Exercise 2
Spelling - Fill-in Exercise 3
Spelling - Fill-in Exercise 4
USA - Geography - Misspelled names
Synonyms
Synonyms - Exercise 1
Synonyms - Exercise 2
Synonyms - Exercise 3
Word formation (words randomly selected)
Nouns - Adjectives
Nouns - Adjectives
Parts of Speech
Parts of Speech
Verbs - Nouns
Verbs - Nouns

English Exercises according to levels

Exercises English - Levels
1 year of English
2 years of English
3 years of English
4 years of English
5 years of English
6 years of English

Learning English - Vocabulary Exercises According to Topics

Vocabulary Exercises
Animals
British - Amercian English
Confusing words, Headwords, Phrases, Proverbs, Spelling
Customs and traditions
Environment
Family
Food and drink
Free Time
Home
Numbers/Time
People
Pronunciation
School
Transport
Word formation
Work and occupation

Complex Tests - English

Test your English with our Complex Tests. You get randomly selected tasks on
special topics.
Active - Passive
Active - Passive - Test 1
Active - Passive - Test 2
English Tenses
Present Perfect
Present Progressive - Test 1
Present Progressive - Test 2
Simple Past
Simple Present - Test 1
Simple Present - Test 2
Comparison of English Tenses
Simple Past - Present Perfect
Simple Present - Present Progressive - Test 1
Simple Present - Present Progressive - Test 2
English Tenses (Mixed)
Simple Present, Present Progressive, Simple Past, Present Perfect, will/going to-future
Conditional sentences (if-clauses, main clauses)
Test 1
Word Order
Question tags
Word order - Statements, Questions

English Tests

With the following short tests you can test your knowledge of
English Grammar and vocabulary. If you like to do a more detailed test,
use our topic Complex Tests.
English Tests (tasks randomly selected)
Test your English - Test 1
Test your English - Test 2
Test your English - Test 3
Adjectives - comparison - Test 1 Test 2 Test 3
Animals on the farm - wild animals
Article - a/an
Cardinal and Ordinal numbers
British English - American English
Country or Inhabitant - Test 1 Test 2
Feelings (positive or negative)
Infinitive of verbs
Irregular verbs - Find the forms
Irregular verbs - all 3 forms - Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5
Male - Female
Opposites - Test 1 Test 2 Test 3
Plural - Exercise 1 Test 2 Test 3
Prepositions at, in, on
Regular verbs - Simple Present, Simple Past and Present Perfect
Sights and places in the United Kingdom
Vegetables or fruit
Word formation Noun - Adjective Test 1 Test 2
Word formation Verb - Noun Test 1 Test 2
Word formation - Parts of speech